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人類的神經系統 The nervous system of human

一、人體神經系統（The human nervous system）：

人體組成：呼吸系統、骨骼系統、肌肉系統、消化系統、心血管系統、神經系統。【1】

Composition of the human body: respiratory system, skeletal system, muscular system, digestive system, cardiovascular system,nervous system. 【1】

人的神經系統分為中樞神經系統與周圍神經系統。【2】

The human nervous system can be divided into the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.【2】

神經系統對外界變化的反應例子如下：體溫發生變化時，神經系統通過調節汗腺等器官來保持體溫恒定。【3】

An example of the nervous system responding to stimuli. When the body temperature changes. The nervous system utilizes the sweat glands to keep a constant body temperature.【3】

大腦通過脊椎傳遞神經信號從而控制腿部肌肉動作。【4】

The brain uses the spinal cord to send signals, controlling the muscles on the leg.【4】

二、人與動物的大腦對比（Comparison of human and animal brains）:

章魚有九個腦，總共包含了約5.5億個神經元，其中3.5億個在八條觸手中，1.6億個位于巨大的視皮質內，0.42億個位于頭部。如圖：【5】

The octopus has nine brains and contains a total of about 550 million neurons, of which 350 million are in the eight tentacles, 160 million are located within the giant optic cortex, and 42 million are located in the head, As shown below：【5】

人類的思考發生在頭部，人類獨有的理性思考能力來源與大腦的前額葉，一般被稱為理智腦，如圖【6】（Logically divided）

Human thinking takes place in the head, and the source of human’s unique ability to think rationally is from the prefrontal lobe of the brain, which is generally called the rational brain, as shown in the figure below:【6】

非洲象大腦重量是人類的兩倍，但是卻不如人類聰明，原因是人腦神經元是非洲象的3倍。【7】

The African bush elephant's brain weighs twice as much as a human's, but humans have three times as many neurons, so human is much smarter.

人腦大腦皮層神經元數量達160億，小腦690億，共計850億；

The number of neurons in the cerebral cortex of the human brain reaches 16 billion, and in the cerebellum 69 billion, for a total of 85 billion;

對應突觸數量約1000萬億，平均每個神經元約連接10000個其它神經元。

 The corresponding number of synapses is about 1,000 trillion, and each neuron is connected to about 10,000 other neurons on average.

突觸數量對應AI大模型的參數量，預計GPT7參數量將接近人類大腦容量。

 The number of synapses corresponds to the parameter amount of a large AI model. It is expected that the parameter amount of GPT7 will be close to the human brain capacity.

GPT6: 170萬億

GPT5: 17萬億

GPT4: 1.8萬億

GPT3: 1750億

GPT6: 170 trillion

GPT5: 17 trillion

GPT4: 1.8 trillion

GPT3: 175 billion

參考文獻（References）：

【1】《人體有機體：分解您的身體結構》

https://askthescientists.com/zh-hans/human-organism/

【2】《神經系統是怎樣傳遞信號控制行為的？》

https://www.sohu.com/a/514481557_121209576

【3】《內穩態(文章) | 身體結構和內穩態| 可汗學院》

https://zh.khanacademy.org/science/biology/principles-of-physiology/body-structure-and-homeostasis/a/homeostasis

【4】《瑜伽3D解剖（6）---動作的關鍵在于交互抑制原理》

https://kknews.cc/zh-sg/health/g8aj9ze.html

【5】《章魚有9個大腦能編輯基因，智商高到無法理解，為何沒發展出文明》

http://www.360doc.com/content/23/1001/20/47115229_1098642253.shtml

【6】《你需要知道三重大腦：爬行動物腦、情感腦、理智腦》

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/676588813

【7】 天才的演說家《藍鯨大腦9公斤，大象大腦4公斤，為何不如人類1.2公斤的大腦》

https://www.sohu.com/a/486754670_121046083