我們都知道，MDI(Multiple Document Interface)即多文檔界面。使用MDI窗體時，將在一個父窗體內建立工作區，父窗體能夠令一個以上的子窗體限制于其中活動及操作。在office系列及VS/VS.Net等很多軟件中都使用了MDI的表現形式。
而遺憾的是，雖然很多編程語言都提供了顯著的MDI屬性，但Java卻算是個例外，基本上只能通過JDesktopPane結合JInternalFrame進行實現，而且局限性也比較多。
其實，利用Swing完成MDI，還有更簡單的捷徑可循。
下面，我給出一個簡單的例子：
package org.loon.test;
/**
* <p>Title: LoonFramework</p>
* <p>Description:</p>
* <p>Copyright: Copyright (c) 2007</p>
* <p>Company: LoonFramework</p>
* @author chenpeng
* @email：ceponline@yahoo.com.cn
* @version 0.1
*/
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.swing.BorderFactory;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JLayeredPane;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import javax.swing.SwingConstants;
import javax.swing.WindowConstants;
import javax.swing.border.Border;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.Insets;
import java.awt.Point;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener;
import java.io.IOException;
public class JavaMDI extends JPanel {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private static final int BACKLAYER = 1;
Font FONT = new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 12);
private final BackImagePane layerPane;
//子窗體背景色
private int[] colors = { 0xdddddd, 0xaaaaff, 0xffaaaa, 0xaaffaa, 0xffffaa, 0xffaaff, 0xaaffff , 0xddddff};
private Color getColor(int i, float f) {
int b = (int)((i & 0xff) * f);
i = i >> 8;
int g = (int)((i & 0xff) * f);
i = i >> 8;
int r = (int)((i & 0xff) * f);
return new Color(r,g,b);
}
public JavaMDI() {
super(new BorderLayout());
Image image;
try {
image = ImageIO.read(getClass().getResource("javamdi.jpg"));
} catch (IOException e) {
image=null;
}
layerPane = new BackImagePane();
layerPane.setImage(image);
//隨機生成個子面板，作為內部窗體，實際使用時替換JPanel內部容器即可。
for (int i=0; i<colors.length; i++) {
JPanel p = createChildPanel(i);
p.setLocation(i*80 + 20, i*50 + 15);
layerPane.add(p, BACKLAYER);
}
add(layerPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);
}
/**
* 創建子面板，作為在內部移動的窗體
* @param i
* @return
*/
private JPanel createChildPanel(int i) {
//使用html標記設定顏色
String html = "<html><font color=#333333> 子窗體ID "+ i +"</font></html>";
JLabel label = new JLabel(html);
label.setFont(FONT);
label.setOpaque(true);
label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
//設定背景色
label.setBackground(getColor(colors[i], 0.85f));
//設定邊距
Border border1 = BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(4, 4, 4, 4);;
label.setBorder(border1);
JTextArea text = new JTextArea();
text.setBackground( new Color(colors[i]));
text.setMargin(new Insets(4,4,4,4));
text.setLineWrap(true);
JPanel p = new JPanel();
Color col = getColor(colors[i], 0.5f);
Border border = BorderFactory.createLineBorder(col, 1);
p.setBorder(border);
//移動監聽
DragMouseListener li = new DragMouseListener(p);
p.addMouseListener(li);
p.addMouseMotionListener(li);
p.setLayout( new BorderLayout());
p.add(label, BorderLayout.NORTH);
p.add(text, BorderLayout.CENTER);
//子窗體大小
p.setSize( new Dimension(200, 150));
return p;
}
/**
* 子窗體拖拽監聽
* @author chenpeng
*
*/
class DragMouseListener implements MouseListener, MouseMotionListener {
Point origin;
JPanel panel;
DragMouseListener(JPanel p) {
panel = p;
}
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
origin = new Point( e.getX(), e.getY());
//移動
layerPane.moveToFront(panel);
}
public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e) {
if (origin == null) return;
int dx = e.getX() - origin.x;
int dy = e.getY() - origin.y;
Point p = panel.getLocation();
panel.setLocation( p.x + dx, p.y + dy);
}
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {}
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) {}
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) {}
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {}
public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {}
}
//用分層面板JLayeredPane制作MDI背景
class BackImagePane extends JLayeredPane {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
public BackImagePane() {
super();
}
void setImage(Image img) {
bgImage = img;
}
private Image bgImage;
public void paint(Graphics g) {
if (bgImage != null) {
int imageh = bgImage.getHeight(null);
int imagew = bgImage.getWidth(null);
Dimension d = getSize();
for(int h=0; h<d.getHeight(); h += imageh) {
for(int w=0; w<d.getWidth(); w += imagew) {
g.drawImage(bgImage, w, h, this);
}
}
}
super.paint(g);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
createGUI();
}
});
}
public static void createGUI() {
final JFrame frame = new JFrame("JAVA實現可設置背景的MDI窗口");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setSize(new Dimension(800, 600));
frame.getContentPane().add(new JavaMDI());
frame.setAlwaysOnTop(true);
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
效果圖如下：
而遺憾的是，雖然很多編程語言都提供了顯著的MDI屬性，但Java卻算是個例外，基本上只能通過JDesktopPane結合JInternalFrame進行實現，而且局限性也比較多。
其實，利用Swing完成MDI，還有更簡單的捷徑可循。
下面，我給出一個簡單的例子：
package org.loon.test;/**
* <p>Title: LoonFramework</p> * <p>Description:</p> * <p>Copyright: Copyright (c) 2007</p> * <p>Company: LoonFramework</p> * @author chenpeng * @email：ceponline@yahoo.com.cn * @version 0.1 */import javax.imageio.ImageIO;import javax.swing.BorderFactory;import javax.swing.JFrame;import javax.swing.JLabel;import javax.swing.JLayeredPane;import javax.swing.JPanel;import javax.swing.JTextArea;import javax.swing.SwingConstants;import javax.swing.WindowConstants;import javax.swing.border.Border;import java.awt.BorderLayout;import java.awt.Color;import java.awt.Dimension;import java.awt.EventQueue;import java.awt.Font;import java.awt.Graphics;import java.awt.Image;import java.awt.Insets;import java.awt.Point;import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;import java.awt.event.MouseListener;import java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener;import java.io.IOException;public class JavaMDI extends JPanel { /**
* */ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private static final int BACKLAYER = 1; Font FONT = new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 12); private final BackImagePane layerPane; //子窗體背景色 private int[] colors = { 0xdddddd, 0xaaaaff, 0xffaaaa, 0xaaffaa, 0xffffaa, 0xffaaff, 0xaaffff , 0xddddff}; private Color getColor(int i, float f) { int b = (int)((i & 0xff) * f); i = i >> 8; int g = (int)((i & 0xff) * f); i = i >> 8; int r = (int)((i & 0xff) * f); return new Color(r,g,b); } public JavaMDI() { super(new BorderLayout()); Image image; try { image = ImageIO.read(getClass().getResource("javamdi.jpg")); } catch (IOException e) { image=null; } layerPane = new BackImagePane(); layerPane.setImage(image); //隨機生成個子面板，作為內部窗體，實際使用時替換JPanel內部容器即可。 for (int i=0; i<colors.length; i++) { JPanel p = createChildPanel(i); p.setLocation(i*80 + 20, i*50 + 15); layerPane.add(p, BACKLAYER); } add(layerPane, BorderLayout.CENTER); } /** * 創建子面板，作為在內部移動的窗體 * @param i * @return */ private JPanel createChildPanel(int i) { //使用html標記設定顏色 String html = "<html><font color=#333333> 子窗體ID "+ i +"</font></html>"; JLabel label = new JLabel(html); label.setFont(FONT); label.setOpaque(true); label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER); //設定背景色 label.setBackground(getColor(colors[i], 0.85f)); //設定邊距 Border border1 = BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(4, 4, 4, 4);; label.setBorder(border1); JTextArea text = new JTextArea(); text.setBackground( new Color(colors[i])); text.setMargin(new Insets(4,4,4,4)); text.setLineWrap(true); JPanel p = new JPanel(); Color col = getColor(colors[i], 0.5f); Border border = BorderFactory.createLineBorder(col, 1); p.setBorder(border); //移動監聽 DragMouseListener li = new DragMouseListener(p); p.addMouseListener(li); p.addMouseMotionListener(li); p.setLayout( new BorderLayout()); p.add(label, BorderLayout.NORTH); p.add(text, BorderLayout.CENTER); //子窗體大小 p.setSize( new Dimension(200, 150)); return p; } /** * 子窗體拖拽監聽 * @author chenpeng * */ class DragMouseListener implements MouseListener, MouseMotionListener { Point origin; JPanel panel; DragMouseListener(JPanel p) { panel = p; } public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) { origin = new Point( e.getX(), e.getY()); //移動 layerPane.moveToFront(panel); } public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e) { if (origin == null) return; int dx = e.getX() - origin.x; int dy = e.getY() - origin.y; Point p = panel.getLocation(); panel.setLocation( p.x + dx, p.y + dy); } public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {} public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) {} public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) {} public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {} public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {} } //用分層面板JLayeredPane制作MDI背景 class BackImagePane extends JLayeredPane { /** * */ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; public BackImagePane() { super(); } void setImage(Image img) { bgImage = img; } private Image bgImage; public void paint(Graphics g) { if (bgImage != null) { int imageh = bgImage.getHeight(null); int imagew = bgImage.getWidth(null); Dimension d = getSize(); for(int h=0; h<d.getHeight(); h += imageh) { for(int w=0; w<d.getWidth(); w += imagew) { g.drawImage(bgImage, w, h, this); } } } super.paint(g); } } public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { createGUI(); } }); } public static void createGUI() { final JFrame frame = new JFrame("JAVA實現可設置背景的MDI窗口"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setSize(new Dimension(800, 600)); frame.getContentPane().add(new JavaMDI()); frame.setAlwaysOnTop(true); frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null); frame.setVisible(true); }}效果圖如下：
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