MySQL Atlas介紹

一、MySQL Atlas介紹

1.1.1 MySQL Atlas介紹

1. MySQL Atlas介紹

Atlas是由 Qihoo 360, Web平臺部基礎架構團隊開發維護的一個基于MySQL協議的數據中間層項目。
它是在mysql-proxy 0.8.2版本的基礎上，對其進行了優化，增加了一些新的功能特性。
360內部使用Atlas運行的mysql業務，每天承載的讀寫請求數達幾十億條。

軟件下載地址：https://github.com/Qihoo360/Atlas/releases
常用讀寫分離軟件
1、Atlas 下載地址：https://github.com/Qihoo360/Atlas/releases
2、proxySQL 官方地址：https://www.proxysql.com/
3、maxscale 官方地址：https://mariadb.com/kb/en/maxscale-22-getting-started/
4、MySQL-Router MySQL官方

2. Atlas 部署

MHA+Atlas 高可用讀寫分離（部署前提有MHA高可用環境）
MHA高可用部署：http://www.rzrgm.cn/woaiyunwei/p/13210749.html
[root@db03 /server/tools]# ll Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4963681 Jul  2 14:41 Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@db03 /server/tools]# rpm -ivh Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm 
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:Atlas-2.2.1-1                    ################################# [100%]

[root@db03 /server/tools]# rpm -qa Atlas
Atlas-2.2.1-1.x86_64

[root@db03 /server/tools]# rpm -ql Atlas
/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/VERSION
/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/encrypt
/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy
/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd
/usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnf      #配置文件

3. 配置Atlas配置文件

[root@db03 /server/tools]# cd /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/
[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# cp test.cnf{,.backup}
[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2810 Dec 17  2014 test.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2810 Jul  2 14:52 test.cnf.backup

[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# cat test.cnf
[mysql-proxy]

#帶#號的為非必需的配置項目

#管理接口的用戶名
admin-username = user

#管理接口的密碼
admin-password = pwd

#Atlas后端連接的MySQL主庫的IP和端口，可設置多項，用逗號分隔
proxy-backend-addresses = 127.0.0.1:3306

#Atlas后端連接的MySQL從庫的IP和端口，@后面的數字代表權重，用來作負載均衡，若省略則默認為1，可設置多項，用逗號分隔
#proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 127.0.0.1:3305@1

#用戶名與其對應的加密過的MySQL密碼，密碼使用PREFIX/bin目錄下的加密程序encrypt加密，下行的user1和user2為示例，將其替換為你的MySQL的用戶名和加密密碼！
pwds = user1:+jKsgB3YAG8=, user2:GS+tr4TPgqc=

#設置Atlas的運行方式，設為true時為守護進程方式，設為false時為前臺方式，一般開發調試時設為false，線上運行時設為true,true后面不能有空格。
daemon = true

#設置Atlas的運行方式，設為true時Atlas會啟動兩個進程，一個為monitor，一個為worker，monitor在worker意外退出后會自動將其重啟，設為false時只有worker，沒有monitor，一般開發調試時設為false，線上運行時設為true,true后面不能有空格。
keepalive = true

#工作線程數，對Atlas的性能有很大影響，可根據情況適當設置
event-threads = 8

#日志級別，分為message、warning、critical、error、debug五個級別
log-level = message

#日志存放的路徑
log-path = /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log

#SQL日志的開關，可設置為OFF、ON、REALTIME，OFF代表不記錄SQL日志，ON代表記錄SQL日志，REALTIME代表記錄SQL日志且實時寫入磁盤，默認為OFF
#sql-log = OFF

#慢日志輸出設置。當設置了該參數時，則日志只輸出執行時間超過sql-log-slow（單位：ms)的日志記錄。不設置該參數則輸出全部日志。
#sql-log-slow = 10

#實例名稱，用于同一臺機器上多個Atlas實例間的區分
#instance = test

#Atlas監聽的工作接口IP和端口
proxy-address = 0.0.0.0:1234

#Atlas監聽的管理接口IP和端口
admin-address = 0.0.0.0:2345

#分表設置，此例中person為庫名，mt為表名，id為分表字段，3為子表數量，可設置多項，以逗號分隔，若不分表則不需要設置該項
#tables = person.mt.id.3

#默認字符集，設置該項后客戶端不再需要執行SET NAMES語句
#charset = utf8

#允許連接Atlas的客戶端的IP，可以是精確IP，也可以是IP段，以逗號分隔，若不設置該項則允許所有IP連接，否則只允許列表中的IP連接
#client-ips = 127.0.0.1, 192.168.1

#Atlas前面掛接的LVS的物理網卡的IP(注意不是虛IP)，若有LVS且設置了client-ips則此項必須設置，否則可以不設置
#lvs-ips = 192.168.1.1

配置mysql管理員和后端連接用戶的密碼加密
rep用戶
[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin]# ./encrypt 123456
/iZxz+0GRoA=
mha用戶
[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin]# ./encrypt mha
O2jBXONX098=


修改如下：
[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# cat test.cnf
[mysql-proxy]
admin-username = user  #atlas 用戶
admin-password = pwd   #atlas 密碼
proxy-backend-addresses = 10.4.7.55:3306 #寫操作數據庫 一般為MHAVIP
proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 10.4.7.52:3306,10.4.7.53:3306   #讀操作數據庫
pwds = rep:/iZxz+0GRoA=,mha:O2jBXONX098=                            #mysql數據庫管理員，后端連接用戶的用戶名和密碼（這里是測試不代表生產環境） 上面的加密密碼就放在這里（注意：密碼需要對應用戶）
daemon = true
keepalive = true
event-threads = 8
log-level = message
log-path = /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log  #log日志
sql-log=ON
proxy-address = 0.0.0.0:33060
admin-address = 0.0.0.0:2345
charset=utf8

4. 啟動Atlas

[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin]# /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test start
OK: MySQL-Proxy of test is started

注意：Atlas可以通過不同配置文件，管理多個讀寫分離項目
比如：
 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test start （test=test.conf的前綴）
 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test1 start

查看進程
[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin]# ps -ef |grep proxy
root      53814      1  0 15:52 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnf
root      53815  53814  0 15:52 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnf
root      53980  18787  0 15:57 pts/5    00:00:00 grep --color=auto proxy

5. 讀寫驗證

讀操作驗證：
[root@db02 ~]#  mysql -umha -pmha -h 10.4.7.53 -P33060   #這里的端口是Atlas proxy-address 代理的端口 而不是mysql的端口
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.0.81-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

db02 [(none)]>select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|          52 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

db02 [(none)]>select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|          53 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

讀操作的sever_id輪詢到52 53 證明讀寫分離 讀操作成功

寫操作驗證：
db02 [(none)]>begin;select @@server_id;commit;  #這是三條語句，分號隔開的。
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|          51 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

6. 生產用戶要求 (Atlas+MHA+VIP+SENDREPORT+BINLOG)

需求：開發人員申請一個應用用戶 app(  select  update  insert)  密碼123456,要通過10網段登錄

1. 在主庫中,創建用戶
grant select ,update,insert on *.* to app@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123456';

2. 在atlas中添加生產用戶
/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/encrypt  123456      ---->制作加密密碼

3. 改配置文件
vim test.cnf
pwds = rep:/iZxz+0GRoA=,mha:O2jBXONX098=,app:/iZxz+0GRoA=

/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test restart
[root@db03 conf]# mysql -uapp -p123456  -h 10.4.7.53 -P 33060

1.1.2 Atlas基本管理

1. Atlas基本管理

登錄：
[root@db03 ~]# mysql -uuser -ppwd -h 10.4.7.53 -P2345
查看幫助：
db03 [(none)]>select * from help;
+----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| command                    | description                                             |
+----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| SELECT * FROM help         | shows this help                                         |
| SELECT * FROM backends     | lists the backends and their state                      |
| SET OFFLINE $backend_id    | offline backend server, $backend_id is backend_ndx's id |
| SET ONLINE $backend_id     | online backend server, ...                              |
| ADD MASTER $backend        | example: "add master 127.0.0.1:3306", ...               |
| ADD SLAVE $backend         | example: "add slave 127.0.0.1:3306", ...                |
| REMOVE BACKEND $backend_id | example: "remove backend 1", ...                        |
| SELECT * FROM clients      | lists the clients                                       |
| ADD CLIENT $client         | example: "add client 192.168.1.2", ...                  |
| REMOVE CLIENT $client      | example: "remove client 192.168.1.2", ...               |
| SELECT * FROM pwds         | lists the pwds                                          |
| ADD PWD $pwd               | example: "add pwd user:raw_password", ...               |
| ADD ENPWD $pwd             | example: "add enpwd user:encrypted_password", ...       |
| REMOVE PWD $pwd            | example: "remove pwd user", ...                         |
| SAVE CONFIG                | save the backends to config file                        |
| SELECT VERSION             | display the version of Atlas                            |
+----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
16 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看后端節點：
db03 [(none)]> SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| backend_ndx | address        | state | type |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
|           1 | 10.4.7.55:3306 | up    | rw   |
|           2 | 10.4.7.52:3306 | up    | ro   |
|           3 | 10.4.7.53:3306 | up    | ro   |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2. 臨時關閉維護和開啟

 SET OFFLINE $backend_id    | offline backend server, $backend_id is backend_ndx's id |
| SET ONLINE $backend_id     | online backend server, ...                           
例如：需要臨時維護一下53 ，就可以臨時關閉53，維護好之后在開啟
db03 [(none)]>set offline 3;   #3是backend_ndx 索引號
+-------------+----------------+---------+------+
| backend_ndx | address        | state   | type |
+-------------+----------------+---------+------+
|           3 | 10.4.7.53:3306 | offline | ro   |
+-------------+----------------+---------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

db03 [(none)]> SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+----------------+---------+------+
| backend_ndx | address        | state   | type |
+-------------+----------------+---------+------+
|           1 | 10.4.7.55:3306 | up      | rw   |
|           2 | 10.4.7.52:3306 | up      | ro   |
|           3 | 10.4.7.53:3306 | offline | ro   |
+-------------+----------------+---------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

維護完成開啟
db03 [(none)]>set online 3;
+-------------+----------------+---------+------+
| backend_ndx | address        | state   | type |
+-------------+----------------+---------+------+
|           3 | 10.4.7.53:3306 | unknown | ro   |
+-------------+----------------+---------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

db03 [(none)]> SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| backend_ndx | address        | state | type |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
|           1 | 10.4.7.55:3306 | up    | rw   |
|           2 | 10.4.7.52:3306 | up    | ro   |
|           3 | 10.4.7.53:3306 | up    | ro   |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+

4. 動態刪除和添加從庫（讀庫）

刪除：
db03 [(none)]> SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| backend_ndx | address        | state | type |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
|           1 | 10.4.7.55:3306 | up    | rw   |
|           2 | 10.4.7.52:3306 | up    | ro   |
|           3 | 10.4.7.53:3306 | up    | ro   |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

db03 [(none)]>remove backend 3;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

db03 [(none)]> SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| backend_ndx | address        | state | type |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
|           1 | 10.4.7.55:3306 | up    | rw   |
|           2 | 10.4.7.52:3306 | up    | ro   |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

保存：
db03 [(none)]>SAVE CONFIG;  保存到配置文件
Empty set (0.00 sec)

查看配置文件：
[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin]# grep -i read-only /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnf
proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=10.4.7.52:3306
#配置文件里只剩下52了

添加從庫（讀庫）
db03 [(none)]>add slave 10.4.7.53:3306;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

db03 [(none)]> SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| backend_ndx | address        | state | type |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
|           1 | 10.4.7.55:3306 | up    | rw   |
|           2 | 10.4.7.52:3306 | up    | ro   |
|           3 | 10.4.7.53:3306 | up    | ro   |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

保存到配置文件：
db03 [(none)]>SAVE CONFIG;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

查看配置文件：
[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin]# grep -i read-only /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnf
proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=10.4.7.52:3306,10.4.7.53:3306
#53添加成功

#注意最后一定要保存

5. 動態刪除和添加用戶

刪除用戶：
刪除rep用戶：
db03 [(none)]>remove pwd rep;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

保存：
db03 [(none)]>save config;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

查看配置文件：
[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin]# grep -i pwds /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnf
pwds=mha:O2jBXONX098=
#rep 用戶被刪除了

添加用戶：
db03 [(none)]>add pwd rep:123456;    #add pwd 用戶:密碼
Empty set (0.00 sec)

保存：
db03 [(none)]>save config;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

查看配置文件：
[root@db03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin]# grep -i pwds /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnf
pwds=mha:O2jBXONX098=,rep:/iZxz+0GRoA=
#添加成功
db03 [(none)]>SELECT * FROM pwds ;
+----------+--------------+
| username | password     |
+----------+--------------+
| mha      | O2jBXONX098= |
| rep      | /iZxz+0GRoA= |
+----------+--------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)