在C++中實(shí)現(xiàn)回調(diào)機(jī)制的幾種方式一文中，我們提到了實(shí)現(xiàn)回調(diào)的三種方式(C風(fēng)格的回調(diào)函數(shù)， Sink方式和Delegate方式)。在面向?qū)ο箝_(kāi)發(fā)中，delegate的方式是最靈活和方便的，因此很早就有人用復(fù)雜的模板去模擬(有興趣的話可以看這里和這里)，總之是實(shí)現(xiàn)起來(lái)很復(fù)雜。但是現(xiàn)在借助C++11的function和bind, 我們可以很方便的去實(shí)現(xiàn)。下面是我自己的一種實(shí)現(xiàn)方式：
大概實(shí)現(xiàn)思想是我們通過(guò)一個(gè)內(nèi)置的CEventHandler 類來(lái)封裝處理函數(shù)，我們可以通過(guò)AddHandler來(lái)添加事件處理函數(shù)，添加時(shí)會(huì)返回一個(gè)Cookie，我們可以通過(guò)該Cookie來(lái)RemoveHandler， 下面是測(cè)試代碼：
以下是測(cè)試結(jié)果:
可以看到， 我們?cè)谄胀–函數(shù)， 類成員函數(shù)和仿函數(shù)(functor)中都測(cè)試通過(guò)。
另外對(duì)于事件函數(shù)返回值為void的情況，會(huì)編譯出錯(cuò)，我們需要偏特化一下：
最后談一下在寫這個(gè)代碼中遇到的問(wèn)題:
(1)不知道你能不能發(fā)現(xiàn)下面代碼的問(wèn)題， 我在寫代碼時(shí)就栽在這里了:
vector<int*> v;
(2)我們想把cookei_type放到類里面去， 類似這樣：
可發(fā)現(xiàn)要這樣使用:
注:上面的代碼還沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)真正商業(yè)使用，如果有問(wèn)題歡迎指出。
namespace Common
{
typedef void* cookie_type;
template<typename TR, typename T1, typename T2>
class CEvent
{
public:
typedef TR return_type;
typedef T1 first_type;
typedef T2 second_type;
typedef std::function<return_type (first_type, second_type)> handler_type;
~CEvent()
{
Clear();
}
return_type operator()(first_type p1, second_type p2)
{
return_type ret = return_type();
size_t size = _handlers.size();
for(size_t i=0; i<size; ++i)
{
ret = _handlers[i]->operator()(p1, p2);
}
return ret;
}
cookie_type AddHandler(std::function<return_type (first_type, second_type)> h)
{
CEventHandler*p = new(nothrow) CEventHandler(h);
if(p != nullptr) _handlers.push_back(p);
return (cookie_type)p;
}
template<typename class_type, typename class_fun>
cookie_type AddHandler(class_type* pThis, class_fun f)
{
CEventHandler* p = new(nothrow) CEventHandler(pThis, f);
if(p != nullptr) _handlers.push_back(p);
return (cookie_type)p;
}
void RemoveHandler(cookie_type cookie)
{
CEventHandler* p = (CEventHandler*)cookie;
auto itr = std::find(_handlers.begin(), _handlers.end(), p);
if(itr != _handlers.end())
{
_handlers.erase(itr);
delete p;
}
else
{
assert(false);
}
}
void Clear()
{
if(!_handlers.empty())
{
int n = _handlers.size();
std::for_each(_handlers.begin(), _handlers.end(), [](CEventHandler* p)
{
assert(p != nullptr);
delete p;
});
_handlers.clear();
}
}
private:
class CEventHandler
{
public:
CEventHandler(handler_type h)
{
_handler = h;
assert(_handler != nullptr);
}
template<typename class_type, typename class_fun>
CEventHandler(class_type* pThis, class_fun object_function)
{
using namespace std::placeholders;
_handler = std::bind(object_function, pThis, _1, _2);
assert(_handler != nullptr);
}
return_type operator()(first_type p1, second_type p2)
{
return_type ret = return_type();
assert(_handler != nullptr);
if(_handler != nullptr) ret = _handler(p1, p2);
return ret;
}
handler_type _handler;
};
private:
std::vector<CEventHandler*> _handlers;
};
}
typedef void* cookie_type;
template<typename TR, typename T1, typename T2>
class CEvent
{
public:
typedef TR return_type;
typedef T1 first_type;
typedef T2 second_type;
typedef std::function<return_type (first_type, second_type)> handler_type;
~CEvent()
{
Clear();
}
return_type operator()(first_type p1, second_type p2)
{
return_type ret = return_type();
size_t size = _handlers.size();
for(size_t i=0; i<size; ++i)
{
ret = _handlers[i]->operator()(p1, p2);
}
return ret;
}
cookie_type AddHandler(std::function<return_type (first_type, second_type)> h)
{
CEventHandler*p = new(nothrow) CEventHandler(h);
if(p != nullptr) _handlers.push_back(p);
return (cookie_type)p;
}
template<typename class_type, typename class_fun>
cookie_type AddHandler(class_type* pThis, class_fun f)
{
CEventHandler* p = new(nothrow) CEventHandler(pThis, f);
if(p != nullptr) _handlers.push_back(p);
return (cookie_type)p;
}
void RemoveHandler(cookie_type cookie)
{
CEventHandler* p = (CEventHandler*)cookie;
auto itr = std::find(_handlers.begin(), _handlers.end(), p);
if(itr != _handlers.end())
{
_handlers.erase(itr);
delete p;
}
else
{
assert(false);
}
}
void Clear()
{
if(!_handlers.empty())
{
int n = _handlers.size();
std::for_each(_handlers.begin(), _handlers.end(), [](CEventHandler* p)
{
assert(p != nullptr);
delete p;
});
_handlers.clear();
}
}
private:
class CEventHandler
{
public:
CEventHandler(handler_type h)
{
_handler = h;
assert(_handler != nullptr);
}
template<typename class_type, typename class_fun>
CEventHandler(class_type* pThis, class_fun object_function)
{
using namespace std::placeholders;
_handler = std::bind(object_function, pThis, _1, _2);
assert(_handler != nullptr);
}
return_type operator()(first_type p1, second_type p2)
{
return_type ret = return_type();
assert(_handler != nullptr);
if(_handler != nullptr) ret = _handler(p1, p2);
return ret;
}
handler_type _handler;
};
private:
std::vector<CEventHandler*> _handlers;
};
}
大概實(shí)現(xiàn)思想是我們通過(guò)一個(gè)內(nèi)置的CEventHandler 類來(lái)封裝處理函數(shù)，我們可以通過(guò)AddHandler來(lái)添加事件處理函數(shù)，添加時(shí)會(huì)返回一個(gè)Cookie，我們可以通過(guò)該Cookie來(lái)RemoveHandler， 下面是測(cè)試代碼：
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include "event1.h"
using namespace std;
class CObjectX
{
};
class CClickEventArgs: public CObjectX
{
};
class CButton: public CObjectX
{
public:
void FireClick()
{
CClickEventArgs args;
OnClicked(this, args);
}
Common::CEvent<int, CObjectX*, CClickEventArgs&> OnClicked;
};
class CMyClass
{
public:
int OnBtuttonClicked(CObjectX* pButton, CClickEventArgs& args)
{
cout << "CMyClass: Receive button clicked event" << endl;
return 1;
}
};
int OnBtuttonClicked_C_fun(CObjectX* pButton, CClickEventArgs& args)
{
cout << "C Style Function: Receive button clicked event" << endl;
return 1;
}
class CMyFunObj
{
public:
int operator()(CObjectX* pButton, CClickEventArgs& args)
{
cout << "Functor: Receive button clicked event" << endl;
return 1;
}
};
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
using namespace std::placeholders;
CButton btn;
CMyClass obj;
Common::cookie_type c1 = btn.OnClicked.AddHandler(&obj, &CMyClass::OnBtuttonClicked);
Common::cookie_type c2 = btn.OnClicked.AddHandler(OnBtuttonClicked_C_fun);
CMyFunObj functor;
Common::cookie_type c3 = btn.OnClicked.AddHandler(functor);
btn.FireClick();
btn.OnClicked.RemoveHandler(c2);
std::cout << endl;
btn.FireClick();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
#include "event1.h"
using namespace std;
class CObjectX
{
};
class CClickEventArgs: public CObjectX
{
};
class CButton: public CObjectX
{
public:
void FireClick()
{
CClickEventArgs args;
OnClicked(this, args);
}
Common::CEvent<int, CObjectX*, CClickEventArgs&> OnClicked;
};
class CMyClass
{
public:
int OnBtuttonClicked(CObjectX* pButton, CClickEventArgs& args)
{
cout << "CMyClass: Receive button clicked event" << endl;
return 1;
}
};
int OnBtuttonClicked_C_fun(CObjectX* pButton, CClickEventArgs& args)
{
cout << "C Style Function: Receive button clicked event" << endl;
return 1;
}
class CMyFunObj
{
public:
int operator()(CObjectX* pButton, CClickEventArgs& args)
{
cout << "Functor: Receive button clicked event" << endl;
return 1;
}
};
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
using namespace std::placeholders;
CButton btn;
CMyClass obj;
Common::cookie_type c1 = btn.OnClicked.AddHandler(&obj, &CMyClass::OnBtuttonClicked);
Common::cookie_type c2 = btn.OnClicked.AddHandler(OnBtuttonClicked_C_fun);
CMyFunObj functor;
Common::cookie_type c3 = btn.OnClicked.AddHandler(functor);
btn.FireClick();
btn.OnClicked.RemoveHandler(c2);
std::cout << endl;
btn.FireClick();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
以下是測(cè)試結(jié)果:
可以看到， 我們?cè)谄胀–函數(shù)， 類成員函數(shù)和仿函數(shù)(functor)中都測(cè)試通過(guò)。
另外對(duì)于事件函數(shù)返回值為void的情況，會(huì)編譯出錯(cuò)，我們需要偏特化一下：
template< typename T1, typename T2>
class CEvent<void, T1, T2>
{
public:
typedef void return_type;
typedef T1 first_type;
typedef T2 second_type;
typedef std::function<return_type (first_type, second_type)> handler_type;
~CEvent()
{
Clear();
}
return_type operator()(first_type p1, second_type p2)
{
size_t size = _handlers.size();
for(size_t i=0; i<size; ++i)
{
_handlers[i]->operator()(p1, p2);
}
}
cookie_type AddHandler(std::function<return_type (first_type, second_type)> h)
{
CEventHandler*p = new(nothrow) CEventHandler(h);
if(p != nullptr) _handlers.push_back(p);
return (cookie_type)p;
}
template<typename class_type, typename class_fun>
cookie_type AddHandler(class_type* pThis, class_fun f)
{
CEventHandler* p = new(nothrow) CEventHandler(pThis, f);
if(p != nullptr) _handlers.push_back(p);
return (cookie_type)p;
}
void RemoveHandler(cookie_type cookie)
{
CEventHandler* p = (CEventHandler*)cookie;
auto itr = std::find(_handlers.begin(), _handlers.end(), p);
if(itr != _handlers.end())
{
_handlers.erase(itr);
delete p;
}
else
{
assert(false);
}
}
void Clear()
{
if(!_handlers.empty())
{
int n = _handlers.size();
std::for_each(_handlers.begin(), _handlers.end(), [](CEventHandler* p)
{
assert(p != nullptr);
delete p;
});
_handlers.clear();
}
}
private:
class CEventHandler
{
public:
CEventHandler(handler_type h)
{
_handler = h;
assert(_handler != nullptr);
}
template<typename class_type, typename class_fun>
CEventHandler(class_type* pThis, class_fun object_function)
{
using namespace std::placeholders;
_handler = std::bind(object_function, pThis, _1, _2);
assert(_handler != nullptr);
}
return_type operator()(first_type p1, second_type p2)
{
assert(_handler != nullptr);
if(_handler != nullptr) _handler(p1, p2);
}
handler_type _handler;
};
private:
std::vector<CEventHandler*> _handlers;
};
class CEvent<void, T1, T2>
{
public:
typedef void return_type;
typedef T1 first_type;
typedef T2 second_type;
typedef std::function<return_type (first_type, second_type)> handler_type;
~CEvent()
{
Clear();
}
return_type operator()(first_type p1, second_type p2)
{
size_t size = _handlers.size();
for(size_t i=0; i<size; ++i)
{
_handlers[i]->operator()(p1, p2);
}
}
cookie_type AddHandler(std::function<return_type (first_type, second_type)> h)
{
CEventHandler*p = new(nothrow) CEventHandler(h);
if(p != nullptr) _handlers.push_back(p);
return (cookie_type)p;
}
template<typename class_type, typename class_fun>
cookie_type AddHandler(class_type* pThis, class_fun f)
{
CEventHandler* p = new(nothrow) CEventHandler(pThis, f);
if(p != nullptr) _handlers.push_back(p);
return (cookie_type)p;
}
void RemoveHandler(cookie_type cookie)
{
CEventHandler* p = (CEventHandler*)cookie;
auto itr = std::find(_handlers.begin(), _handlers.end(), p);
if(itr != _handlers.end())
{
_handlers.erase(itr);
delete p;
}
else
{
assert(false);
}
}
void Clear()
{
if(!_handlers.empty())
{
int n = _handlers.size();
std::for_each(_handlers.begin(), _handlers.end(), [](CEventHandler* p)
{
assert(p != nullptr);
delete p;
});
_handlers.clear();
}
}
private:
class CEventHandler
{
public:
CEventHandler(handler_type h)
{
_handler = h;
assert(_handler != nullptr);
}
template<typename class_type, typename class_fun>
CEventHandler(class_type* pThis, class_fun object_function)
{
using namespace std::placeholders;
_handler = std::bind(object_function, pThis, _1, _2);
assert(_handler != nullptr);
}
return_type operator()(first_type p1, second_type p2)
{
assert(_handler != nullptr);
if(_handler != nullptr) _handler(p1, p2);
}
handler_type _handler;
};
private:
std::vector<CEventHandler*> _handlers;
};
最后談一下在寫這個(gè)代碼中遇到的問(wèn)題:
(1)不知道你能不能發(fā)現(xiàn)下面代碼的問(wèn)題， 我在寫代碼時(shí)就栽在這里了:
vector<int*> v;
int* p1 = new int(1);
v.push_back(p1);
int* p2 = new int(2);
v.push_back(p2);
//嘗試刪除所有值為p1的項(xiàng)
//由該代碼想到=>v.erase(std::remove(v.begin(), v.end(), p1), v.end());
auto itr = remove(v.begin(), v.end(), p1);
for_each(itr, v.end(), [](int* p){delete p;});
v.erase(itr, v.end());
v.push_back(p1);
int* p2 = new int(2);
v.push_back(p2);
//嘗試刪除所有值為p1的項(xiàng)
//由該代碼想到=>v.erase(std::remove(v.begin(), v.end(), p1), v.end());
auto itr = remove(v.begin(), v.end(), p1);
for_each(itr, v.end(), [](int* p){delete p;});
v.erase(itr, v.end());
(2)我們想把cookei_type放到類里面去， 類似這樣：
1 template<typename TR, typename T1, typename T2>
2 class CEvent
3 {
4 public:
5 typedef TR return_type;
6 typedef T1 first_type;
7 typedef T2 second_type;
8 typedef void* cookie_type;
2 class CEvent
3 {
4 public:
5 typedef TR return_type;
6 typedef T1 first_type;
7 typedef T2 second_type;
8 typedef void* cookie_type;
可發(fā)現(xiàn)要這樣使用:
Common::CEvent<int, CObjectX*, CClickEventArgs&>::cookie_type c1 = btn.OnClicked.AddHandler(&obj, &CMyClass::OnBtuttonClicked);
太不方便了, 不知道大家有沒(méi)有好的方法。注:上面的代碼還沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)真正商業(yè)使用，如果有問(wèn)題歡迎指出。
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