每天一個安卓測試開發(fā)小知識之 （五）---常用的adb shell命令第三期 pm命令第二期

每天一個安卓測試開發(fā)小知識之 （五）---常用的adb shell命令第三期 pm命令第二期

上一期我們簡單介紹了pm 命令的安裝卸載，以及查看已安裝的app的功能。本期繼續(xù)介紹

• 查看已安裝的第三方包
• 獲取app的啟動activity
• 清除應(yīng)用數(shù)據(jù)
• 啟用被禁用或者禁用 應(yīng)用/組件
• 隱藏/展示應(yīng)用icon
• 授予應(yīng)用權(quán)限，以及查看app聲明的權(quán)限

1. 查看已安裝的第三方包

包分為設(shè)備制造商應(yīng)用（第一方應(yīng)用）和第三方應(yīng)用，例如

• 手機(jī)里的設(shè)置、電話、通訊錄就屬于第一方應(yīng)用
• 微信、qq、支付寶 就屬于第三方應(yīng)用

adb shell pm list packages 會列出已安裝的包名，如何獲取到已安裝的第三方的包，查看pm命令的幫助可以看到

  list packages [-f] [-d] [-e] [-s] [-q] [-3] [-i] [-l] [-u] [-U] 
      [--show-versioncode] [--apex-only] [--factory-only]
      [--uid UID] [--user USER_ID] [FILTER]
    Prints all packages; optionally only those whose name contains
    the text in FILTER.  Options are:
      -f: see their associated file
      -a: all known packages (but excluding APEXes)
      -d: filter to only show disabled packages
      -e: filter to only show enabled packages
      -s: filter to only show system packages
      -3: filter to only show third party packages
      -i: see the installer for the packages
      -l: ignored (used for compatibility with older releases)
      -U: also show the package UID
      -u: also include uninstalled packages
      --show-versioncode: also show the version code
      --apex-only: only show APEX packages
      --factory-only: only show system packages excluding updates
      --uid UID: filter to only show packages with the given UID
      --user USER_ID: only list packages belonging to the given user
      --match-libraries: include packages that declare static shared and SDK libraries

有很多參數(shù)，例如 -f -a -e -s -3 等，具體的參數(shù)含義可以自行查看，只在這里起一個拋磚引玉的作用。

-3 查看第三方應(yīng)用

2. 獲取app的啟動activity

在做自動化測試時，經(jīng)常需要啟動應(yīng)用，可以通過adb命令打開應(yīng)用的啟動activity，或者UI點(diǎn)擊app的icon
例如獲取小米天氣的啟動activity

adb shell pm dump-package com.miui.weather2

com.miui.weather2 小米天氣的包名，執(zhí)行命令可以看到很多輸出，我們需要重點(diǎn)過濾 android.intent.action.MAIN: 的下一行，來獲取啟動activity。以linux為例 執(zhí)行以下命令

adb shell pm dump-package com.miui.weather2 | grep -A 2 -B 2 "android.intent.action.MAIN:"

小米天氣的啟動activity就是 com.miui.weather2/.ActivityWeatherMain，打開activity的命令就是 adb shell am start 啟動activity

執(zhí)行該命令就會在小米手機(jī)上打開天氣，am命令將后續(xù)進(jìn)行介紹

3. 清除應(yīng)用數(shù)據(jù)

adb shell pm clear packageName 該操作不僅會清除app的全部數(shù)據(jù)，還會殺死app進(jìn)程

同樣pm clear命令也有參數(shù)

clear [--user USER_ID] [--cache-only] PACKAGE
    Deletes data associated with a package. Options are:
    --user: specifies the user for which we need to clear data
    --cache-only: a flag which tells if we only need to clear cache data

--cache-only 只清除緩存數(shù)據(jù)，不殺死進(jìn)程

4. 啟用/禁用應(yīng)用/組件

4.1 安卓四大組件

組件名稱 | 中文名 | 主要作用
Activity | 活動 | 提供用戶界面，與用戶交互
Service | 服務(wù) | 在后臺執(zhí)行長時間運(yùn)行操作
Broadcast Receiver | 廣播接收器 | 響應(yīng)系統(tǒng)范圍內(nèi)的廣播消息
Content Provider | 內(nèi)容提供器 | 管理應(yīng)用數(shù)據(jù)的共享
四大組件的詳細(xì)介紹，后續(xù)文章給出

4.2 啟用被禁用的應(yīng)用/組件

adb shell pm enable packageName/componentName packageName/componentName 應(yīng)用/組件

4.3 禁用的應(yīng)用/組件

adb shell pm disenable packageName/componentName packageName/componentName 應(yīng)用/組件

5. 隱藏/展示應(yīng)用icon

adb shell pm hide com.android.settings 隱藏設(shè)置的icon 【icon 應(yīng)用的啟動圖標(biāo)】
adb shell pm unhide com.android.settings 顯示設(shè)置的icon

6. 授予應(yīng)用權(quán)限

adb shell pm grant perssionName perssionName權(quán)限名稱
例如授予天氣 發(fā)送通知的權(quán)限 android.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS

授予app權(quán)限時需要保證app unhide

6.1 如何查詢app需要授予哪些權(quán)限

adb shell pm dump-package packageName 命令過濾出關(guān)鍵字 permission
例如 獲取天氣應(yīng)用聲明的權(quán)限

adb shell pm dump-package com.miui.weather2 | grep -i permission

mi@mi-ThinkCentre-M760t:~$ adb shell pm dump-package com.miui.weather2 | grep -i permission
        1ddc1d3 com.miui.weather2/.backup.cloud.WeatherCloudBackupService filter 8ac0110 permission com.xiaomi.permission.CLOUD_MANAGER
        1ddc1d3 com.miui.weather2/.backup.cloud.WeatherCloudBackupService filter 8ac0110 permission com.xiaomi.permission.CLOUD_MANAGER
Permissions:
  Permission [com.miui.weather2.permission.MIPUSH_RECEIVE] (8f2e443):
    perm=PermissionInfo{58b4f95 com.miui.weather2.permission.MIPUSH_RECEIVE}
Permissions:
  Permission [com.miui.weather2.permission.WRITE_DB] (fc9cac0):
    perm=PermissionInfo{e295c9b com.miui.weather2.permission.WRITE_DB}
    installPermissionsFixed=false
    declared permissions:
      com.miui.weather2.permission.WRITE_DB: prot=signature
      com.miui.weather2.permission.MIPUSH_RECEIVE: prot=signature
    requested permissions:
      android.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS
      android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
      miui.permission.USE_INTERNAL_GENERAL_API
      android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE
      android.permission.READ_MEDIA_VISUAL_USER_SELECTED
      android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED
      android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SPECIAL_USE
      android.permission.GET_TASKS
      android.permission.INTERNET
      com.miui.securitycenter.permission.SYSTEM_PERMISSION_DECLARE
      android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
      com.xiaomi.mihomemanager.permission.receiveNormalBroadcast
      com.miui.weather2.permission.MIPUSH_RECEIVE
      android.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES
      android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE
      android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
      android.permission.SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM
      com.miui.weather2.permission.WRITE_DB
      android.permission.VIBRATE
      com.miui.securitycenter.permission.PERM_USE_INFO
      android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE
      android.permission.QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES
      android.permission.WAKE_LOCK
      miui.permission.EXTRA_NETWORK
      android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION
    install permissions:
      android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE: granted=true
      android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED: granted=true
      android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SPECIAL_USE: granted=true
      android.permission.GET_TASKS: granted=true
      android.permission.INTERNET: granted=true
      com.xiaomi.mihomemanager.permission.receiveNormalBroadcast: granted=true
      com.miui.weather2.permission.MIPUSH_RECEIVE: granted=true
      android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE: granted=true
      android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE: granted=true
      com.miui.weather2.permission.WRITE_DB: granted=true
      android.permission.VIBRATE: granted=true
      com.miui.securitycenter.permission.PERM_USE_INFO: granted=true
      android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE: granted=true
      android.permission.QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES: granted=true
      android.permission.WAKE_LOCK: granted=true
      runtime permissions:
        android.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS: granted=true, flags=[ USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_GRANTED|USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_DENIED]
        android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION: granted=false, flags=[ USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_GRANTED|USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_DENIED]
        android.permission.READ_MEDIA_VISUAL_USER_SELECTED: granted=false, flags=[ USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_GRANTED|USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_DENIED]
        android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION: granted=false, flags=[ USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_GRANTED|USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_DENIED]
        android.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES: granted=false, flags=[ USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_GRANTED|USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_DENIED]
        android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION: granted=false, flags=[ USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_GRANTED|USER_SENSITIVE_WHEN_DENIED|RESTRICTION_UPGRADE_EXEMPT]

會發(fā)現(xiàn)有些權(quán)限上 granted=false ，對于這些權(quán)限就可以通過 adb shell pm grant 命令授予權(quán)限，授予完后 granted=true

今天先介紹到這里，每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)！！