關于 uniapp 獲取媒體文件

• 什么是 MediaStore
• MediaStore 內嵌類和常用查詢字段
• 查詢圖片
• 查詢視頻
• 查詢音樂
• 獲取其它文件
• 參考

什么是 MediaStore

1. MediaStore 是 Android 中的多媒體數據庫，Android 中的多媒體數據都記錄在在這里面
2. Android 對所有的多媒體數據庫接口進行了封裝，直接用 ContentResolver 調用接口去進行數據庫的操作就可以了
3. 注：一般用于需要本地圖片、視頻、音樂的元數據查詢
4. 打開 /data/data/com.android.provider.media 下對應的數據庫文件 然后導入到電腦用SQLite數據庫查看軟件之后打開數據庫就可以看到對應的字段

MediaStore 內嵌類和常用查詢字段

查詢圖片

查詢相冊中所有圖片

/**
 * @method getPhotoAlbum
 * @return {Object} { "相冊1": [ { filePath: "文件路徑", dataAdded: "大小" } ],... } 
 * @description 獲取相冊中內容
 * @description https://blog.csdn.net/zhang0114/article/details/127669677#:~:text=%E5%9C%A8uni-app,d%E7%9B%B8%E5%86%8C%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E6%AE%B5%EF%BC%9A
 * @description https://blog.csdn.net/Jonly_W/article/details/106440072
 * @description https://www.jianshu.com/p/34a7e7d85ecc
 * @description https://blog.csdn.net/u013470102/article/details/89703973
 * @description https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44008788/article/details/123532073
 * @description http://www.rzrgm.cn/alwayswyy/p/4807248.html
 * @description https://blog.csdn.net/u013233097/article/details/50704360
 * */
getPhotoAlbum: function() {
  // #ifdef APP-PLUS
  let list = {};
  // MediaStore這個類是Android系統提供的一個多媒體數據庫，android中多媒體信息都可以從這里提取
  // MediaStore包括了多媒體數據庫的所有信息，包括音頻，視頻和圖像,android把所有的多媒體數據庫接口進行了封裝，
  // 所有的數據庫不用自己進行創建，直接使用ContentResolver去調用那些封裝好的接口就可以進行數據庫的操作了。
  const MediaStore = plus.android.importClass('android.provider.MediaStore');
  const PhotoColumns= [
    MediaStore.Images.Media._ID, 
    MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA, 
    MediaStore.Images.Media.DATE_ADDED,
    MediaStore.Images.Media.Thumbnails
  ];
  const Main = plus.android.runtimeMainActivity(); // 此處相當于 context
  const Resolver = Main.getContentResolver(); // 獲取ContentResolver實例
  plus.android.importClass(Resolver);
  // url 需要操作的數據, projection resolver需要返回的數據  selection:類似于where selectionArgs: where的參數 sortOrder:排序Order by
  // resolver.query(url, projection, selection, selectionArgs, sortOrder)
  const Cursor = Resolver.query(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, PhotoColumns, null, null, null);
  plus.android.importClass(Cursor);
  // Cursor默認是行的集合 cursor.moveToFirst（）指向查詢結果的第一個位置
  // 一般通過判斷cursor.moveToFirst()的值為true或false來確定查詢結果是否為空。
  // 遍歷數據
  while(Cursor.moveToNext()){
    const _id = Cursor.getString(Cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media._ID));
    const FilePath = Cursor.getString(Cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA));
    const DateAdded = Cursor.getLong(Cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATE_ADDED));
    // 父路徑
    const File = plus.android.newObject("java.io.File", `${FilePath}`); // 導入包并new這個類
    const ParentFile = plus.android.invoke(File, "getParentFile");
    // const ParentPath = plus.android.invoke(ParentFile, "getAbsolutePath");
    const ParentName = plus.android.invoke(ParentFile, "getName");
            
    const item = { filePath: FilePath, dataAdded: DateAdded, }
    // 判斷 相冊是否存在 ? 添加 item : 添加相冊
    if(ParentName in list) list[ParentName].push(item);
    else list[ParentName] = [item];
  }
  Cursor.close(); // 關閉游標
  return list;
  // #endif
},

查詢視頻

視頻縮略圖會專門開一篇

/**
 * @method getVideoGather
 * @description 獲取視頻集合
 * @description https://blog.csdn.net/IrisJaneny/article/details/73807218
 * @description https://blog.csdn.net/LoneySmoke/article/details/108944485
 * @description https://www.jianshu.com/p/ca73161e5509
 * @description https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44008788/article/details/123532073
 * @description https://blog.csdn.net/yann02/article/details/92844364
 * @description https://developer.aliyun.com/article/267936
 * @description https://blog.csdn.net/zhutoushifu/article/details/50667862
 * @description https://www.jianshu.com/p/f93b874043ae
 * @return {Objetc}
 * */
getVideoGather: function() {
  let list = {}
  const MediaStore = plus.android.importClass('android.provider.MediaStore');
  // const thumbColumns = [
  //   MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails.DATA,
  //   MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails.VIDEO_ID
  // ];
  const videoColumns = [
    MediaStore.Video.Media._ID, // 獲取 id
    MediaStore.Video.Media.ALBUM, // 專輯
    MediaStore.Video.Media.ARTIST, // 藝術家姓名
    MediaStore.Video.Media.DATE_ADDED, // 視頻文件創建時間
    MediaStore.Video.Media.DATE_MODIFIED, // 視頻最后更改時間
    MediaStore.Video.Media.DISPLAY_NAME, // 視頻文件名稱
    MediaStore.Video.Media.TITLE, // 視頻名
    MediaStore.Video.Media.DURATION, // 視頻時長
    // MediaStore.Video.Media.WIDTH, // 視頻寬
    // MediaStore.Video.Media.HEIGHT, // 視頻搞、高
    // MediaStore.Video.Media.BITRATE, // 視頻碼率
    MediaStore.Video.Media.SIZE, // 視頻時長
    MediaStore.Video.Media.DATA, // 視頻保存路徑
    MediaStore.Video.Media.MIME_TYPE, // 視頻類型
  ];
  const Main = plus.android.runtimeMainActivity(); // 此處相當于 context
  const Resolver = Main.getContentResolver(); // 獲取ContentResolver實例
  plus.android.importClass(Resolver);
  const cursor = Resolver.query(MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, videoColumns, null, null, null);
  plus.android.importClass(cursor);
  // 獲得索引
  while(cursor !=null && cursor.moveToNext()){
    const _id = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media._ID));
    const album = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.ALBUM));
    const artist = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.ARTIST));
    const dateAdded = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.DATE_ADDED));
    const displayName = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.DISPLAY_NAME));
    const title = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.TITLE));
    const duration = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.DURATION));
    const size = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.SIZE));
    const fileParh = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.DATA));
    const mimtType = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.MIME_TYPE));
    
    const item = { _id, album, artist, dateAdded, displayName, title, duration, size, fileParh, mimtType }
    
    // 判斷 專輯是否存在與列表中 list.hasOwnProperty(album)
    if(album in list) list[album].push(item);
    else list[album] = [item];
  }
  console.log(list);
  cursor.close(); // 關閉游標
  return list;
},

獲取音樂

/**
 * @method getAudioGather
 * @description 獲取本機所有音頻
 * @return {Object}
 * */
getAudioGather: function() {
  let list = {};
  const MediaStore = plus.android.importClass('android.provider.MediaStore');
  const audioColumns = [
    MediaStore.Audio.Media._ID,// 歌曲ID
    MediaStore.Audio.Media.ARTIST,// 歌曲的歌手名
    MediaStore.Audio.Media.ALBUM,// 歌曲的唱片集
    MediaStore.Audio.Media.TITLE,// 歌曲標題
    MediaStore.Audio.Media.DISPLAY_NAME,// 歌曲名稱
    MediaStore.Audio.Media.MIME_TYPE,// 歌曲的播放格式
    MediaStore.Audio.Media.IS_RINGTONE,//
    MediaStore.Audio.Media.IS_ALARM,// 歌曲的專輯名
    MediaStore.Audio.Media.IS_MUSIC,//
    MediaStore.Audio.Media.IS_NOTIFICATION,//
    MediaStore.Audio.Media.DATA,// 歌曲文件的路徑
    MediaStore.Audio.Media.DURATION // 歌曲的總播放時長
  ];
  const Main = plus.android.runtimeMainActivity(); // 此處相當于 context
  const Resolver = Main.getContentResolver(); // 獲取ContentResolver實例
  plus.android.importClass(Resolver);
  const cursor = Resolver.query(MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, audioColumns, null, null, null);
  plus.android.importClass(cursor);
  
  while(cursor !=null && cursor.moveToNext()) {
    const _id = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media._ID));
    const artist = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.ARTIST));
    const album = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.ALBUM));
    const title = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.TITLE));
    const displayName = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.DISPLAY_NAME));
    const mimtType = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.MIME_TYPE));
    const isRingtone = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.IS_RINGTONE));
    const isAlarm = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.IS_ALARM));
    const isMusic = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.IS_MUSIC));
    const isNotification = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.IS_NOTIFICATION));
    const fileParh = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.DATA));
    const duration = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Audio.Media.DURATION));
    
    const item = { _id, artist, album, title, displayName, mimtType, isRingtone, isAlarm, isMusic, isNotification, fileParh, duration};
    album = album == "<unknown>" ? "default" : album;
    if(album in list) list[album].push(item);
    else list[album] = [item];
  }
  cursor.close();
  return list;
},

獲取其它文件

/**
* @method getOtherFileGather
* @return {Object}
* @description 獲取其它文件
* TODO 需要優化現在是獲取所有的文件包括文件夾
* */
getOtherFileGather: function(type) {
let list = [];
const MediaStore = plus.android.importClass('android.provider.MediaStore');
const otherColumns = [
  MediaStore.Files.FileColumns._ID, // id
  MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATA, // 路徑
  MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.SIZE, // 大小
  MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATE_MODIFIED, //
  MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.MIME_TYPE, // 文件類型
  MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.TITLE, // 文件標題
  MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATE_MODIFIED, // 
  MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATE_ADDED,
];
const selection = MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.MIME_TYPE + '= ?'
const selectionArgs = ["text/plain"];

const Main = plus.android.runtimeMainActivity(); // 此處相當于 context
const Resolver = Main.getContentResolver(); // 獲取ContentResolver實例
plus.android.importClass(Resolver);
const url = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external");
// TODO 需要優化現在是獲取所有的文件包括文件夾
// MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATA + " LIKE '%" + keyword + "%'"
// const cursor = Resolver.query(url, otherColumns, selection, selectionArgs, MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATE_ADDED + " DESC");
const cursor = Resolver.query(url, otherColumns, MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATA + " LIKE '%" + zip ?? '.zip' + "%'", null, null);
plus.android.importClass(cursor);
while(cursor !=null && cursor.moveToNext()) {  
  const _id = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Files.FileColumns._ID));
  const filePath = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATA));
  const size = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.SIZE));
  const dateModified = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.DATE_MODIFIED));
  const mimtType = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.MIME_TYPE));
  const title = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.TITLE));
  list.push({ _id, filePath, size, dateModified, mimtType, title, })
}
cursor.close();
return list;
},

參考文檔

1. 關于MediaStore.Files
2. Android之MediaStore使用 (查找 音樂/視頻/文檔/自定義類型文件.apk .zip 等)
3. Android系統詳解之獲取圖片和視頻的縮略圖
4. Android視頻圖片縮略圖的獲取
5. Android查詢手機媒體庫
6. Android MediaStore的基本使用
7. Android如何高效地進行文件查詢——MediaStore
8. Android視頻縮略圖（二）
9. Android 獲取視頻縮略圖(獲取視頻每幀數據)的優化方案
10. 【Android】縮略圖Thumbnails
11. Build.VERSION.SDK_INT ＜ Build.VERSION_CODES.O的含義
12. Android如何獲取視頻首幀圖片
13. Android如何高效地進行文件查詢——MediaStore
14. MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails
15. Android 獲取多媒體文件的縮略圖