Docker 基本操作命令

一、docker網(wǎng)址

官網(wǎng) ：https://docs.docker.com/

鏡像地址：https://hub.docker.com/

docker組成

一、centos 安裝docker

1、如果之前安裝過(guò)docker，則清除掉

yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine

2、安裝docker ，地址使用阿里云鏡像

 sudo yum install -y yum-utils

鏡像地址

 sudo yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

更新索引

yum makecache fast

安裝引擎

sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

3、更新軟件包的索引

yum makecache fast

4、啟動(dòng)docker

 systemctl start docker

二、鏡像命令

1、顯示版本信息

docker version

2、顯示更加詳細(xì)信息

docker info

3、docker幫助命令

docker --help

4、查看所有鏡像

docker images

5、搜索鏡像

docker search mysql                      #搜索所有鏡像

docker search mysql --filter=Stars=800   #詳細(xì)搜索鏡像

6、下載鏡像

docker pull  mysql         #下載最新鏡像

docker pull  鏡像名:[tag]   #下載指定鏡像   docker pull  mysql:5.7

7、刪除鏡像

 docker rmi -f 鏡像id                  #刪除一個(gè)鏡像

 docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)   # 刪除全部鏡像

三、容器命令

1、拉去鏡像

docker pull redis  # 下載鏡像

2、運(yùn)行鏡像

docker run [可選參數(shù)] image
#參數(shù)說(shuō)明
--name="Name" 容器名字 redis1,redis2，用來(lái)區(qū)分容器
-d 以后臺(tái)方式運(yùn)行
-it 使用交互方式運(yùn)行
-p 指定容器的端口 3366：80 (主機(jī)端口：容器端口）
-P 隨機(jī)指定端口

[root@xiaoyaodijun ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash    //啟動(dòng)并進(jìn)入容器 
[root@939a2a495ab8 /]# ls  
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@939a2a495ab8 /]# ^C
[root@939a2a495ab8 /]# exit    //退出容器
exit
[root@xiaoyaodijun ~]#

3、進(jìn)入容器內(nèi)部

docker run  -it centos /bin/hash   #啟動(dòng)并進(jìn)入容器內(nèi)部

docker run  -d centos /bin/hash    #后臺(tái)運(yùn)行,啟動(dòng)并進(jìn)入容器內(nèi)部

4、指定映射端口

docker run -d  --name nginx01 -p 3344:80 nginx   # --name  容器的名字  -p 3344 主機(jī)的IP，80容器的id   ，主機(jī)的3344端口對(duì)應(yīng)容器的80端口

5、列出容器

docker ps -a        #列出正在運(yùn)行的容器+歷史容器

docker ps           #列出所有正在運(yùn)行的容器

docker ps -a -n=1   #最近運(yùn)行的一個(gè)容器

docker ps -q        #獲取容器編號(hào)

6、從容器里面退出

exit        #退出容器，并停止

ctrl+p+q    #推出容器，但不停止

7、刪除容器

docker rm 容器id                   #不能刪除正在運(yùn)行的容器

docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)     #刪除所有容器

docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm   #刪除所有容器

8、啟動(dòng)與停止容器

docker start 容器id        #啟動(dòng)

docker restart 容器id      #重啟容器

docker stop 容器id         #停止當(dāng)前正在運(yùn)行的容器

docker kill 容器id         # 停止當(dāng)前正在運(yùn)行的容器

四、其他常用命令

docker run -d  鏡像名                   #docker ps 發(fā)現(xiàn)容器停止了，容器使用后臺(tái)運(yùn)行，必須要有一個(gè)前臺(tái)線程。docker發(fā)現(xiàn)沒(méi)有應(yīng)用，就會(huì)自動(dòng)停止

docker logs -f -t --tail （num） 容器名   #顯示指定條數(shù)日志

docker logs -f -t   容器名               #顯示所有日志

2、查看容器中的進(jìn)程信息

 docker top 容器id          # 命令

 docker inspect 容器id      #查看容器內(nèi)部信息

[root@xiaoyaodijun ~]# docker inspect c24821f8192d
[
    {
        "Id": "c24821f8192d427ee130380b2881d8e8466773d7e852efcfba5a5e8df436ede5",
        "Created": "2021-05-11T12:15:19.544112765Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 24209,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-08-23T23:53:56.661123129Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2021-08-23T23:53:30.599217172Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c24821f8192d427ee130380b2881d8e8466773d7e852efcfba5a5e8df436ede5/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c24821f8192d427ee130380b2881d8e8466773d7e852efcfba5a5e8df436ede5/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c24821f8192d427ee130380b2881d8e8466773d7e852efcfba5a5e8df436ede5/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c24821f8192d427ee130380b2881d8e8466773d7e852efcfba5a5e8df436ede5/c24821f8192d427ee130380b2881d8e8466773d7e852efcfba5a5e8df436ede5-json.log",
        "Name": "/dotCentos",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": [
                "/home/web/bin:/home/web/",
                "/home/web/log:/var/log/nginx/"
            ],
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {
                "80/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "",
                        "HostPort": "3366"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/79b88e2d39fa5bcd891e8cd00730cde0ad5d6c9cddd38584746690b9b410cf58-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c6963da9780a28bd63b97c8954fc3c198471e3b8304cf556da3d6b7ef867535f/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/79b88e2d39fa5bcd891e8cd00730cde0ad5d6c9cddd38584746690b9b410cf58/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/79b88e2d39fa5bcd891e8cd00730cde0ad5d6c9cddd38584746690b9b410cf58/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/79b88e2d39fa5bcd891e8cd00730cde0ad5d6c9cddd38584746690b9b410cf58/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [
            {
                "Type": "bind",
                "Source": "/home/web/bin",
                "Destination": "/home/web",
                "Mode": "",
                "RW": true,
                "Propagation": "rprivate"
            },
            {
                "Type": "bind",
                "Source": "/home/web/log",
                "Destination": "/var/log/nginx",
                "Mode": "",
                "RW": true,
                "Propagation": "rprivate"
            }
        ],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "c24821f8192d",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "80/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "2f6e4a032ca49c8b0d6950580d2332cc97e4bc606fe13de65363f6734e291075",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {
                "80/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "0.0.0.0",
                        "HostPort": "3366"
                    },
                    {
                        "HostIp": "::",
                        "HostPort": "3366"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/2f6e4a032ca4",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "11eb690c584a15da74029fb4de7e677f2bda1ce4d4b8eee66dc19b0e39ae97be",
            "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.18.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "c3caef73c8d7dc46ee889e0c28ae06990fb26bee16396badf6dd8e7adc0daf05",
                    "EndpointID": "11eb690c584a15da74029fb4de7e677f2bda1ce4d4b8eee66dc19b0e39ae97be",
                    "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

3、進(jìn)入當(dāng)前正在運(yùn)行的容器

dcoker exec -it 容器id  /bin/bash       #以交互模式（-it）進(jìn)入容器內(nèi)部，進(jìn)入容器后，開(kāi)啟一個(gè)新的終端

[root@xiaoyaodijun ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED        STATUS             PORTS                                   NAMES
c24821f8192d   centos    "/bin/bash"   3 months ago   Up About an hour   0.0.0.0:3366->80/tcp, :::3366->80/tcp   dotCentos
[root@xiaoyaodijun ~]# docker exec -it c24821f8192d /bin/bash
[root@c24821f8192d /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@c24821f8192d /]#

docker attach 容器id      #進(jìn)入容器后正在執(zhí)行的終端，不會(huì)啟動(dòng)一個(gè)新的進(jìn)程

[root@xiaoyaodijun ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED        STATUS       PORTS                                   NAMES
c24821f8192d   centos    "/bin/bash"   3 months ago   Up 2 hours   0.0.0.0:3366->80/tcp, :::3366->80/tcp   dotCentos
[root@xiaoyaodijun ~]# 
[root@xiaoyaodijun ~]# docker attach c24821f8192d
[root@c24821f8192d /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@c24821f8192d /]#

4、從容器拷貝文件到主機(jī)

docker cp 容器id:容器內(nèi)路徑   主機(jī)路徑     #docker cp 容器id:/home/test/py     /etc

[root@xiaoyaodijun ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED        STATUS         PORTS                                   NAMES
c24821f8192d   centos    "/bin/bash"   3 months ago   Up 9 seconds   0.0.0.0:3366->80/tcp, :::3366->80/tcp   dotCentos

[root@xiaoyaodijun ~]# docker attach c24821f8192d
[root@c24821f8192d /]# ls  
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@c24821f8192d /]# cd home
[root@c24821f8192d home]# ls
web

[root@xiaoyaodijun ~]# docker cp c24821f8192d:/home/web /var  //將文件拷貝出來(lái)
[root@xiaoyaodijun ~]# cd ../
[root@xiaoyaodijun /]# cd /var
[root@xiaoyaodijun var]# ls
account  cache  db     ftp    gopher    lib    lock  mail  opt       run    tmp  yp
adm      crash  empty  games  kerberos  local  log   nis   preserve  spool  web

5、運(yùn)行下載的容器并指定端口

docker run -d  --name nginx01 -p 3344:80 nginx   # -d 后臺(tái)運(yùn)行  --name  容器的名字  -p 3344 主機(jī)的IP，80容器的id   ，主機(jī)的3344端口對(duì)應(yīng)容器的80端口

curl localhost:3344  #測(cè)試訪問(wèn)

[root@xiaoyaodijun ~]# docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 3366:80 nginx
99366f3aadfff5976e7663f4be235dd82b587b534df26472f53cc64575489cd5
[root@xiaoyaodijun ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                   NAMES
99366f3aadff   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   4 seconds ago   Up 2 seconds   0.0.0.0:3366->80/tcp, :::3366->80/tcp   nginx01
[root@xiaoyaodijun ~]# 
[root@xiaoyaodijun ~]# 
[root@xiaoyaodijun ~]# 
[root@xiaoyaodijun ~]# 
[root@xiaoyaodijun ~]# cur localhost:3366
-bash: cur: command not found
[root@xiaoyaodijun ~]# curl localhost:3366
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a >nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a >nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

docker exec -it nginx01 /bin/bash    #進(jìn)入容器內(nèi)部

[root@xiaoyaodijun ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                   NAMES
9a89dbea9358   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   4 seconds ago   Up 3 seconds   0.0.0.0:3366->80/tcp, :::3366->80/tcp   nginx02
[root@xiaoyaodijun ~]# 
[root@xiaoyaodijun ~]# docker exec -it nginx02 /bin/bash
root@9a89dbea9358:/#

　centos鏡像容器啟動(dòng)

[root@xiaoyaodijun ~]# docker run -dit --name dotnetCentos -p 8080:80 centos
39479285d597d7dec795f9ff19c05d887c0dcbf3f3ec8f122df7f0a0e7aee02d
[root@xiaoyaodijun ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                   NAMES
39479285d597   centos    "/bin/bash"   4 seconds ago   Up 3 seconds   0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp   dotnetCentos
[root@xiaoyaodijun ~]#

6、查看cpu狀態(tài)

docker stats

五、圖形化工具

docker run -d -p 8088:9000 \
--restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock  --privileged=true portainer/portainer

狂神說(shuō)：Docker基礎(chǔ)（狂神說(shuō)Docker課程筆記） - koktlzz - 博客園 (cnblogs.com)

posted @ 2021-05-08 22:30 太素元清閱讀(280) 評(píng)論(0) 收藏舉報(bào)

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