0-先決條件

安裝MSVC

https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/zh-hans/downloads/
我安裝了Visual Studio 2022，選擇安裝了其中的“使用C++進行桌面開發”工作負荷。
你當然也可以使用mingw。

安裝perl

https://strawberryperl.com/
下載安裝并確保添加到環境變量中。

安裝python3.x

http://www.python.org/download/
下載安裝并確保添加到環境變量中。

下載jom（可選）

https://download.qt.io/official_releases/jom/
下載并解壓縮備用。

下載qt5源碼

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/qt/archive/qt/
下載并解壓縮備用。

1-編譯與安裝

找到你安裝好的msvc，打開命令行工具。在命令行內進入源碼文件夾。

如果你不會在cmd里進入文件夾，那就去問一下可愛的搜索引擎。

接下來需要在命令行內輸入編譯參數。

生成參數參考

-static //指明是靜態編譯
-prefix "D:\Software\Qt\6.0.x\6.0.2\msvc2019_64_static" //指明安裝的目錄，自行修改
-confirm-license -opensource //指明是開源版本的qt
-debug-and-release //需要編譯的版本，可選-debug和-relaease
-force-asserts //強制啟用Q_ASSERT,即使在release構建中
-platform win32-msvc //指明使用msvc編譯
-nomake examples -nomake tests //不編譯樣例，跳過 Test
-no-compile-examples //跳過構建例子，但拷貝例子源碼。
-qt-sqlite -qt-pcre -qt-zlib -qt-libpng -qt-libjpeg -qt-freetype -qt-harfbuzz //可選第三方庫
-opengl desktop //常規桌面版OpenGL
-opengl dynamic //設置 OpenGL 版本為動態
-mp //多線程編譯
-skip qtserialbus -skip qtspeech //跳過編譯某些模塊，有風險
-skip qtwebengine //跳過 Qt WebEngine 沒有必要且體積非常大的東西。（官方都建議跳過）

具體有多少種三方庫可構建，請參閱：https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/configure-options.html
opengl我這里選擇了桌面版，請看qt的文檔查看各個版本的區別。

我的編譯參數

configure.bat -static -prefix "C:\Users\zhopi\qt-5.15.4-static-MSVC2022-64bit" -confirm-license -opensource  -debug-and-release -no-compile-examples -nomake tests -plugin-sql-sqlite -plugin-sql-odbc -qt-zlib -qt-libpng -qt-libjpeg -opengl desktop -mp

注意： 我沒有指定編譯的平臺，而是通過開啟不同的MSVC環境來編譯32位 Qt和64位Qt。開啟x64的命令行編譯的就是64位的Qt，x32就是32位。

輸入這一大堆東西后，等一會兒，如果沒有報錯的話，命令行里應該會提示要你鍵入 nmake 進行編譯。這里使用jom進行編譯。

jom可以粗暴的理解為可以多線程編譯的nmake。

還記得解壓備用的jom在哪嗎？下面就要用了。
在命令行內輸入

[你的jom的絕對路徑] -j [你機器上CPU的線程數]

我的輸入的命令是

C:\jom_1_1_3\jom.exe -j 16 

去散個步吧，要編譯好一會兒。

當然可以使用只nmake進行編譯，不過那就要單核編譯到地老天荒了。

編譯完成后，輸入以下內容安裝到你指定的位置。

jom install

2-所有參數的幫助

Usage:  configure [options] [assignments]

Configure understands variable assignments like VAR=value on the command line.
Each uppercased library name (obtainable with -list-libraries) supports the
suffixes _INCDIR, _LIBDIR, _PREFIX (INCDIR=PREFIX/include, LIBDIR=PREFIX/lib),
_LIBS, and - on Windows and Darwin - _LIBS_DEBUG and _LIBS_RELEASE. E.g.,
ICU_PREFIX=/opt/icu42 ICU_LIBS="-licui18n -licuuc -licudata".

It is also possible to manipulate any QMAKE_* variable, to amend the values
from the mkspec for the build of Qt itself, e.g., QMAKE_CXXFLAGS+=-g3.

Note that the *_LIBS* and QMAKE_* assignments manipulate lists, so items
containing meta characters (spaces in particular) need to be quoted according
to qmake rules. On top of that, the assignments as a whole need to be quoted
according to shell rules. It is recommended to use single quotes for the inner
quoting and double quotes for the outer quoting.

Top-level installation directories:
  -prefix <dir> ...... The deployment directory, as seen on the target device.
                       [/usr/local/Qt-$QT_VERSION; qtbase build directory if
                       -developer-build]
  -extprefix <dir> ... The installation directory, as seen on the host machine.
                       [SYSROOT/PREFIX]
  -hostprefix [dir] .. The installation directory for build tools running on
                       the host machine. If [dir] is not given, the current
                       build directory will be used. [EXTPREFIX]
  -external-hostbindir <path> ... Path to Qt tools built for this machine.
                       Use this when -platform does not match the current
                       system, i.e., to make a Canadian Cross Build.

Fine tuning of installation directory layout. Note that all directories
except -sysconfdir should be located under -prefix/-hostprefix:

  -bindir <dir> ......... Executables [PREFIX/bin]
  -headerdir <dir> ...... Header files [PREFIX/include]
  -libdir <dir> ......... Libraries [PREFIX/lib]
  -archdatadir <dir> .... Arch-dependent data [PREFIX]
  -plugindir <dir> ...... Plugins [ARCHDATADIR/plugins]
  -libexecdir <dir> ..... Helper programs [ARCHDATADIR/bin on Windows,
                          ARCHDATADIR/libexec otherwise]
  -importdir <dir> ...... QML1 imports [ARCHDATADIR/imports]
  -qmldir <dir> ......... QML2 imports [ARCHDATADIR/qml]
  -datadir <dir> ........ Arch-independent data [PREFIX]
  -docdir <dir> ......... Documentation [DATADIR/doc]
  -translationdir <dir> . Translations [DATADIR/translations]
  -sysconfdir <dir> ..... Settings used by Qt programs [PREFIX/etc/xdg]
  -examplesdir <dir> .... Examples [PREFIX/examples]
  -testsdir <dir> ....... Tests [PREFIX/tests]

  -hostbindir <dir> ..... Host executables [HOSTPREFIX/bin]
  -hostlibdir <dir> ..... Host libraries [HOSTPREFIX/lib]
  -hostdatadir <dir> .... Data used by qmake [HOSTPREFIX]

Conventions for the remaining options: When an option's description is
followed by a list of values in brackets, the interpretation is as follows:
'yes' represents the bare option; all other values are possible prefixes to
the option, e.g., -no-gui. Alternatively, the value can be assigned, e.g.,
--gui=yes. Values are listed in the order they are tried if not specified;
'auto' is a shorthand for 'yes/no'. Solitary 'yes' and 'no' represent binary
options without auto-detection.

Configure meta:

  -help, -h ............ Display this help screen
  -verbose, -v ......... Print verbose messages during configuration
  -continue ............ Continue configure despite errors
  -redo ................ Re-configure with previously used options.
                         Additional options may be passed, but will not be
                         saved for later use by -redo.
  -recheck [test,...] .. Discard cached negative configure test results.
                         Use this after installing missing dependencies.
                         Alternatively, if tests are specified, only their
                         results are discarded.
  -recheck-all ......... Discard all cached configure test results.

  -feature-<feature> ... Enable <feature>
  -no-feature-<feature>  Disable <feature> [none]
  -list-features ....... List available features. Note that some features
                         have dedicated command line options as well.

  -list-libraries ...... List possible external dependencies.

Build options:

  -opensource .......... Build the Open-Source Edition of Qt
  -commercial .......... Build the Commercial Edition of Qt
  -confirm-license ..... Automatically acknowledge the license

  -release ............. Build Qt with debugging turned off [yes]
  -debug ............... Build Qt with debugging turned on [no]
  -debug-and-release ... Build two versions of Qt, with and without
                         debugging turned on [yes] (Apple and Windows only)
  -optimize-debug ...... Enable debug-friendly optimizations in debug builds
                         [auto] (Not supported with MSVC or Clang toolchains)
  -optimize-size ....... Optimize release builds for size instead of speed [no]
  -optimized-tools ..... Build optimized host tools even in debug build [no]
  -force-debug-info .... Create symbol files for release builds [no]
  -separate-debug-info . Split off debug information to separate files [no]
  -gdb-index ........... Index the debug info to speed up GDB
                         [no; auto if -developer-build with debug info]
  -strip ............... Strip release binaries of unneeded symbols [yes]
  -gc-binaries ......... Place each function or data item into its own section
                         and enable linker garbage collection of unused
                         sections. [auto for static builds, otherwise no]
  -force-asserts ....... Enable Q_ASSERT even in release builds [no]
  -developer-build ..... Compile and link Qt for developing Qt itself
                         (exports for auto-tests, extra checks, etc.) [no]

  -shared .............. Build shared Qt libraries [yes] (no for UIKit)
  -static .............. Build static Qt libraries [no] (yes for UIKit)
  -framework ........... Build Qt framework bundles [yes] (Apple only)

  -platform <target> ... Select host mkspec [detected]
  -xplatform <target> .. Select target mkspec when cross-compiling [PLATFORM]
  -device <name> ....... Cross-compile for device <name>
  -device-option <key=value> ... Add option for the device mkspec

  -appstore-compliant .. Disable code that is not allowed in platform app stores.
                         This is on by default for platforms which require distribution
                         through an app store by default, in particular Android,
                         iOS, tvOS, watchOS, and Universal Windows Platform. [auto]

  -qtnamespace <name> .. Wrap all Qt library code in 'namespace <name> {...}'.
  -qtlibinfix <infix> .. Rename all libQt5*.so to libQt5*<infix>.so.
  -qtlibinfix-plugins .. Rename Qt plugins according to -qtlibinfix [no]

  -testcocoon .......... Instrument with the TestCocoon code coverage tool [no]
  -gcov ................ Instrument with the GCov code coverage tool [no]

  -trace [backend] ..... Enable instrumentation with tracepoints.
                         Currently supported backends are 'etw' (Windows) and
                         'lttng' (Linux), or 'yes' for auto-detection. [no]

  -sanitize {address|thread|memory|fuzzer-no-link|undefined}
                         Instrument with the specified compiler sanitizer.
                         Note that some sanitizers cannot be combined;
                         for example, -sanitize address cannot be combined with
                         -sanitize thread.

  -coverage {trace-pc-guard|source-based}
                         Specify the 'trace-pc-guard' coverage instrumentation for
                         sanitizers or generate instrumented code to collect execution
                         counts and enable code coverage analysis, respectively. (Clang only)

  -c++std <edition> .... Select C++ standard <edition> [c++2a/c++17/c++14/c++11]
                         (Not supported with MSVC 2015)

  -sse2 ................ Use SSE2 instructions [auto]
  -sse3/-ssse3/-sse4.1/-sse4.2/-avx/-avx2/-avx512
                         Enable use of particular x86 instructions [auto]
                         Enabled ones are still subject to runtime detection.
  -mips_dsp/-mips_dspr2  Use MIPS DSP/rev2 instructions [auto]

  -qreal <type> ........ typedef qreal to the specified type. [double]
                         Note: this affects binary compatibility.

  -R <string> .......... Add an explicit runtime library path to the Qt
                         libraries. Supports paths relative to LIBDIR.
  -rpath ............... Link Qt libraries and executables using the library
                         install path as a runtime library path. Similar to
                         -R LIBDIR. On Apple platforms, disabling this implies
                         using absolute install names (based in LIBDIR) for
                         dynamic libraries and frameworks. [auto]

  -reduce-exports ...... Reduce amount of exported symbols [auto]
  -reduce-relocations .. Reduce amount of relocations [auto] (Unix only)

  -plugin-manifests .... Embed manifests into plugins [no] (Windows only)
  -static-runtime ...... With -static, use static runtime [no] (Windows only)

  -pch ................. Use precompiled headers [auto]
  -ltcg ................ Use Link Time Code Generation [no]
  -linker [bfd,gold,lld] Force use of the GNU ld, GNU gold or LLVM/LLD linker
                         instead of default one (GCC only)
  -incredibuild-xge .... Use the IncrediBuild XGE [no] (Windows only)
  -ccache .............. Use the ccache compiler cache [no] (Unix only)
  -make-tool <tool> .... Use <tool> to build qmake [nmake] (Windows only)
  -mp .................. Use multiple processors for compilation (MSVC only)

  -warnings-are-errors . Treat warnings as errors [no; yes if -developer-build]
  -silent .............. Reduce the build output so that warnings and errors
                         can be seen more easily

Build environment:

  -sysroot <dir> ....... Set <dir> as the target sysroot
  -gcc-sysroot ......... With -sysroot, pass --sysroot to the compiler [yes]

  -pkg-config .......... Use pkg-config [auto] (Unix only)

  -D <string> .......... Pass additional preprocessor define
  -I <string> .......... Pass additional include path
  -L <string> .......... Pass additional library path
  -F <string> .......... Pass additional framework path (Apple only)

  -sdk <sdk> ........... Build Qt using Apple provided SDK <sdk>. The argument
                         should be one of the available SDKs as listed by
                         'xcodebuild -showsdks'.
                         Note that the argument applies only to Qt libraries
                         and applications built using the target mkspec - not
                         host tools such as qmake, moc, rcc, etc.

  -android-sdk path .... Set Android SDK root path [$ANDROID_SDK_ROOT]
  -android-ndk path .... Set Android NDK root path [$ANDROID_NDK_ROOT]
  -android-ndk-platform  Set Android platform
  -android-ndk-host .... Set Android NDK host (linux-x86, linux-x86_64, etc.)
                         [$ANDROID_NDK_HOST]
  -android-abis .......  Comma separated Android abis, default is:
                         armeabi-v7a,arm64-v8a,x86,x86_64
  -android-javac-target  Set the javac build target version [7]
  -android-javac-source  Set the javac build source version [7]
  -android-style-assets  Automatically extract style assets from the device at
                         run time. This option makes the Android style behave
                         correctly, but also makes the Android platform plugin
                         incompatible with the LGPL2.1. [yes]

Component selection:

  -skip <repo> ......... Exclude an entire repository from the build.
  -make <part> ......... Add <part> to the list of parts to be built.
                         Specifying this option clears the default list first.
                         [libs and examples, also tools if not cross-building,
                         also tests if -developer-build]
  -nomake <part> ....... Exclude <part> from the list of parts to be built.
  -compile-examples .... When unset, install only the sources of examples
                         [no on WebAssembly, otherwise yes]
  -gui ................. Build the Qt GUI module and dependencies [yes]
  -widgets ............. Build the Qt Widgets module and dependencies [yes]
  -no-dbus ............. Do not build the Qt D-Bus module
                         [default on Android and Windows]
  -dbus-linked ......... Build Qt D-Bus and link to libdbus-1 [auto]
  -dbus-runtime ........ Build Qt D-Bus and dynamically load libdbus-1 [no]
  -accessibility ....... Enable accessibility support [yes]
                         Note: Disabling accessibility is not recommended.

Qt comes with bundled copies of some 3rd party libraries. These are used
by default if auto-detection of the respective system library fails.

Core options:

  -doubleconversion .... Select used double conversion library [system/qt/no]
                         No implies use of sscanf_l and snprintf_l (imprecise).
  -glib ................ Enable Glib support [no; auto on Unix]
  -eventfd ............. Enable eventfd support
  -inotify ............. Enable inotify support
  -iconv ............... Enable iconv(3) support [posix/sun/gnu/no] (Unix only)
  -icu ................. Enable ICU support [auto]
  -pcre ................ Select used libpcre2 [system/qt/no]
  -pps ................. Enable PPS support [auto] (QNX only)
  -zlib ................ Select used zlib [system/qt]

  Logging backends:
    -journald .......... Enable journald support [no] (Unix only)
    -syslog ............ Enable syslog support [no] (Unix only)
    -slog2 ............. Enable slog2 support [auto] (QNX only)

Network options:

  -ssl ................. Enable either SSL support method [auto]
  -no-openssl .......... Do not use OpenSSL [default on Apple and WinRT]
  -openssl-linked ...... Use OpenSSL and link to libssl [no]
  -openssl-runtime ..... Use OpenSSL and dynamically load libssl [auto]
  -schannel ............ Use Secure Channel [no] (Windows only)
  -securetransport ..... Use SecureTransport [auto] (Apple only)

  -sctp ................ Enable SCTP support [no]

  -libproxy ............ Enable use of libproxy [no]
  -system-proxies ...... Use system network proxies by default [yes]

Gui, printing, widget options:

  -cups ................ Enable CUPS support [auto] (Unix only)

  -fontconfig .......... Enable Fontconfig support [auto] (Unix only)
  -freetype ............ Select used FreeType [system/qt/no]
  -harfbuzz ............ Select used HarfBuzz-NG [system/qt/no]
                         (Not auto-detected on Apple and Windows)

  -gtk ................. Enable GTK platform theme support [auto]

  -lgmon ............... Enable lgmon support [auto] (QNX only)

  -no-opengl ........... Disable OpenGL support
  -opengl <api> ........ Enable OpenGL support. Supported APIs:
                         es2 (default on Windows), desktop (default on Unix),
                         dynamic (Windows only)
  -opengles3 ........... Enable OpenGL ES 3.x support instead of ES 2.x [auto]
  -egl ................. Enable EGL support [auto]
  -angle ............... Use bundled ANGLE to support OpenGL ES 2.0 [auto]
                         (Windows only)
  -combined-angle-lib .. Merge LibEGL and LibGLESv2 into LibANGLE (Windows only)

  -qpa <name> .......... Select default QPA backend(s) (e.g., xcb, cocoa, windows)
                         A prioritized list separated by semi-colons.
  -xcb-xlib............. Enable Xcb-Xlib support [auto]

  Platform backends:
    -direct2d .......... Enable Direct2D support [auto] (Windows only)
    -directfb .......... Enable DirectFB support [no] (Unix only)
    -eglfs ............. Enable EGLFS support [auto; no on Android and Windows]
    -gbm ............... Enable backends for GBM [auto] (Linux only)
    -kms ............... Enable backends for KMS [auto] (Linux only)
    -linuxfb ........... Enable Linux Framebuffer support [auto] (Linux only)
    -xcb ............... Enable X11 support [auto] (Linux only)

  Input backends:
    -libudev............ Enable udev support [auto]
    -evdev ............. Enable evdev support [auto]
    -imf ............... Enable IMF support [auto] (QNX only)
    -libinput .......... Enable libinput support [auto]
    -mtdev ............. Enable mtdev support [auto]
    -tslib ............. Enable tslib support [auto]
    -bundled-xcb-xinput  Use bundled XInput2 support [auto]
    -xkbcommon ......... Enable key mapping support [auto]

  Image formats:
    -gif ............... Enable reading support for GIF [auto]
    -ico ............... Enable support for ICO [yes]
    -libpng ............ Select used libpng [system/qt/no]
    -libjpeg ........... Select used libjpeg [system/qt/no]

Database options:

  -sql-<driver> ........ Enable SQL <driver> plugin. Supported drivers:
                         db2 ibase mysql oci odbc psql sqlite2 sqlite tds
                         [all auto]
  -sqlite .............. Select used sqlite3 [system/qt]

Qt3D options:

  -assimp .............. Select used assimp library [system/qt/no]
  -qt3d-profile-jobs ... Enable jobs profiling [no]
  -qt3d-profile-gl ..... Enable OpenGL profiling [no]
  -qt3d-simd ........... Select level of SIMD support [no/sse2/avx2]
  -qt3d-render ......... Enable the Qt3D Render aspect [yes]
  -qt3d-input .......... Enable the Qt3D Input aspect [yes]
  -qt3d-logic .......... Enable the Qt3D Logic aspect [yes]
  -qt3d-extras ......... Enable the Qt3D Extras aspect [yes]
  -qt3d-animation....... Enable the Qt3D Animation aspect [yes]

Further image format options:

  -jasper .............. Enable JPEG-2000 support using the JasPer library [no]
  -mng ................. Enable MNG support [no]
  -tiff ................ Enable TIFF support [system/qt/no]
  -webp ................ Enable WEBP support [system/qt/no]

Multimedia options:

  -pulseaudio .......... Enable PulseAudio support [auto] (Unix only)
  -alsa ................ Enable ALSA support [auto] (Unix only)
  -no-gstreamer ........ Disable support for GStreamer
  -gstreamer [version] . Enable GStreamer support [auto]
                         With no parameter, 1.0 is tried first, then 0.10.
  -evr ................. Enables EVR in DirectShow and WMF [auto]

QtQuick3D options:

  -assimp .............. Select used assimp library [system/qt/no]

TextToSpeech options:

  -flite ............... Enable Flite support [auto] (Unix only)
  -flite-alsa .......... Enable Flite with ALSA support [auto] (Unix only)
  -speechd ............. Enable speech dispatcher support [auto] (Unix only)

WebEngine options:

  -webengine-alsa ................ Enable ALSA support [auto] (Linux only)
  -webengine-pulseaudio .......... Enable PulseAudio support [auto]
                                   (Linux only)
  -webengine-embedded-build ...... Enable Linux embedded build [auto]
                                   (Linux only)
  -webengine-icu ................. Use system ICU libraries [system/qt]
                                   (Linux only)
  -webengine-ffmpeg .............. Use system FFmpeg libraries [system/qt]
                                   (Linux only)
  -webengine-opus ................ Use system Opus libraries [system/qt]
                                   (Linux only)
  -webengine-webp ................ Use system WebP libraries [system/qt]
                                   (Linux only)
  -webengine-pepper-plugins ...... Enable use of Pepper Flash and Widevine
                                   plugins [auto]
  -webengine-printing-and-pdf .... Enable use of printing and output to PDF
                                   [auto]
  -webengine-proprietary-codecs .. Enable support for proprietary codecs [no]
  -webengine-spellchecker ........ Enable support for spellchecker [yes]
  -webengine-native-spellchecker . Enable support for native spellchecker [no]
                                   (macOS only)
  -webengine-webrtc .............. Enable support for WebRTC [auto]

3-參考

qt官方編譯環境需求文檔 windows-requirements
qt官方編譯文檔 [windows-building(https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/windows-building.html)
芯片烤電池的草稿箱 編譯 Qt 5.15.x For Windows 基礎教程 Visual Studio 2019 MSVC142 x64
Microsoft文檔 通過命令行使用 Microsoft C++ 工具集