Linux下安裝SVN服務端&&編譯
1.安裝
使用yum安裝非常簡單:
yum install subversion -y
2.配置
2.1創建倉庫
我們這里在/home下建立一個名為svn的倉庫(repository),以后所有代碼都放在這個下面,創建成功后在svn下面多了幾個文件夾。
cd /home/
mkdir svn
svnadmin create /home/svn
[root@ldap-master home]# ls -ltr svn
total 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 229 Sep 5 18:34 README.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 5 18:34 locks
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 5 18:34 hooks
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 2 Sep 5 18:34 format
drwxr-sr-x 6 root root 4096 Sep 5 18:34 db
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 5 18:39 conf
我們這里特別關注一下conf文件夾,這個是存放配置文件的
[root@ldap-master home]# cd svn/conf/
[root@ldap-master conf]# ls -ltr
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 322 Sep 5 18:35 passwd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1105 Sep 5 18:37 authz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2259 Sep 5 18:39 svnserve.conf
其中:
- authz 是權限控制文件
- passwd 是帳號密碼文件
- svnserve.conf 是SVN服務配置文件
接下來我們依次修改這3個文件。
2.2配置passwd

上面的例子中我們創建了2個用戶,一個nis1,一個nis2
2.3配置authz

上面配置的含義是,liuxianan對/home/svn/下所有文件具有可讀可寫權限,test只有只讀權限,除此之外,其它用戶均無任何權限,最后一行*=很重要不能少。
上面是權限
2.3.1. 拓展:使用用戶分組
這個我一般不用,但是記錄下來。
還是這個文件:

上面配置中創建了2個分組,分組1的用戶可讀可寫,分組2的用戶只讀。
格式說明:
版本庫目錄格式:
[<版本庫>:/項目/目錄]
@<用戶組名> = <權限>
<用戶名> = <權限>
2.4. 配置svnserve.conf
vi svnserve.conf
打開下面的5個注釋 anon-access = read
#匿名用戶可讀 auth-access = write
#授權用戶可寫 password-db = passwd
#使用哪個文件作為賬號文件 authz-db = authz
#使用哪個文件作為權限文件 realm = /home/svn # 認證空間名,版本庫所在目錄
2點注意:
- 最后一行的realm記得改成你的svn目錄
- 打開注釋時切記前面不要留有空格,否則可能有問題(網上說的,我沒有親測)
3.啟動與停止
[root@localhost conf]# svnserve -d -r /home/svn(啟動)
[root@localhost conf]#killall svnserve(停止)
[root@ldap-master conf]# ps -ef|grep svnserve
root 2636 1 0 18:39 ? 00:00:00 svnserve -d -r /home/svn
root 2729 2529 0 19:02 pts/0 00:00:00 grep svnserve4.客戶端連接
這里使用TortoiseSVN,輸入地址svn://你的IP 即可,不出意外輸入用戶名和密碼就能連接成功了。
默認端口3690,如果你修改了端口,那么要記得加上端口號。
擴展:yum安裝路徑
# rpm -qa | grep subversion
- rpm -qa 查詢所有安裝的rpm包,可以配合grep命令。
- rpm -qi 查詢某個具體包的介紹。
- rpm -ql 列出某個具體包的所有文件
rpm幾個默認安裝路徑:
/etc 一些設置文件放置的目錄
/usr/bin 一些可執行文件
/usr/lib64 一些程序使用的動態函數庫
/usr/share/doc 一些基本的軟件使用手冊與幫助文檔
/usr/share/man 一些man page文件
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
編譯安裝
svn服務器有2種運行方式
1.獨立服務器 (例如:svn://xxx.com/xxx);
2.借助apache。(例如:http://svn.xxx.com/xxx);
為了不依賴apache,選擇第一種方式-獨立的svn服務器。
svn存儲版本數據也有2種方式:
1.bdb;
2.fsfs。
因為BDB方式在服務器中斷時,有可能鎖住數據(搞ldap時就深受其害,沒法根治),所以還是FSFS方式更安全一點,我也選擇這種方式。
我的系統環境:Centos-6.2 + Php-5.4.3 + Nginx-1.3.0 + Mysql-5.5.25 + subversion-1.6.6
下載相關軟件
wget http://subversion.tigris.org/downloads/subversion-1.6.6.tar.gz
wget http://subversion.tigris.org/downloads/subversion-deps-1.6.6.tar.gz
編輯
1、查看是否安裝了svn工具
命令:rpm -qa | grep subversion
如果服務器已經安裝了則不需要進行安裝,如果沒有安裝可以進行全新的安裝
2、首先檢測系統有沒有安裝SSL:
find / -name opensslv.h
如果找不到,就執行如下命令進行安裝:
yum install openssl
yum install openssl-devel
安裝之后用find / -name opensslv.h命令找到opensslv.h所在的目錄,即下列–with-openssl=后面的路徑,
3、解壓svn安裝文件
subversion-1.6.6.tar.gz
subversion-deps-1.6.6.tar.gz
命令如下:
tar zxvf subversion- 1.6 . 6 .tar.gz
tar zxvf subversion-deps- 1.6 . 6 .tar.gz
tar zxvf subversion- 1.6 . 6 .tar.gz
tar zxvf subversion-deps- 1.6 . 6 .tar.gz
tar 為解壓命令,zxvf為tar命令的參數,用于解壓tar.gz格式壓縮的文件。
解壓后生成 subversion-1.6.6 子目錄,兩個壓縮包解壓后都會自動放到此目錄下,不用手動更改。
進入解壓子目錄 cd subversion-1.6.6 進行編譯。
4、編譯:
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/svn --with-openssl=/usr/include/openssl --without-berkeley-db
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/svn --with-openssl=/usr/include/openssl
--without-berkeley-db
后面以svnserve方式運行,所以不加apache編譯參數。以fsfs格式存儲版本庫,不編譯berkeley-db
如果編譯時報如下錯誤:
no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
說明沒有gcc庫,使用如下命令安裝gcc后再編譯:
yum -y install gcc
如果最后出現下面WARNING,我們直接忽略即可,因為不使用BDB存儲。
configure: WARNING: we have configured without BDB filesystem support
You don't seem to have Berkeley DB version 4.0 . 14 or newer
installed and linked to APR-UTIL. We have created Makefiles which
will build without the Berkeley DB back-end; your repositories will
use FSFS as the default back-end. You can find the latest version of
Berkeley DB here:
http: //www.sleepycat.com/download/index.shtml
configure: WARNING: we have configured without BDB filesystem support
You don't seem to have Berkeley DB version 4.0 . 14 or newer
installed and linked to APR-UTIL. We have created Makefiles which
will build without the Berkeley DB back-end; your repositories will
use FSFS as the default back-end. You can find the latest version of
Berkeley DB here:
http: //www.sleepycat.com/download/index.shtml
安裝
make
make install
如果 make install 出現下面錯誤:
/home/upload/subversion-1.6.6/subversion/svnversion/.libs/lt-svnversion: error while loading shared libraries: libiconv.so.2: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
make: *** [revision-install] Error 127
解決辦法:
1、編輯/etc/ld.so.conf文件
vi /etc/ld.so.conf
添加下面一行代碼
/usr/local/lib
2、保存后運行ldconfig:
/sbin/ldconfig
注:ld.so.conf和ldconfig用于維護系統動態鏈接庫。
3、然后再安裝
make && make install
測試是否安裝成功
1
/usr/local/svn/bin/svnserve --version
如果顯示如下,svn安裝成功:
svnserve, version 1.6 . 6 (r40053)
compiled Dec 25 2012 , 13 : 14 : 38
Copyright (C) 2000 - 2009 CollabNet.
Subversion is open source software, see http: //subversion.tigris.org/
This product includes software developed by CollabNet
(http: //www.Collab.Net/).
The following repository back-end (FS) modules are available:
* fs_fs : Module for working with a plain file (FSFS) repository.
Cyrus SASL authentication is available.
svnserve, version 1.6 . 6 (r40053)
compiled Dec 25 2012 , 13 : 14 : 38
Copyright (C) 2000 - 2009 CollabNet.
Subversion is open source software, see http: //subversion.tigris.org/
This product includes software developed by CollabNet
(http: //www.Collab.Net/).
The following repository back-end (FS) modules are available:
* fs_fs : Module for working with a plain file (FSFS) repository.
Cyrus SASL authentication is available.
4、為了方便下操作,把svn相關的命令添加到環境變量中:
echo “export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/svn/bin/” >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
配置svn
1、建立SVN的根目錄
mkdir -p /opt/svn/
2、建立一個產品倉庫
mkdir -p /opt/svn/tshop/
svnadmin create /opt/svn/tshop/
如果你們的研發中心有多個產品組,每個產品組可以建立一個SVN倉庫
3、修改版本配置庫文件
vi /opt/svn/tshop/conf/svnserve.conf
修改后的文件內容如下:
### This file controls the configuration of the svnserve daemon, if you
### use it to allow access to this repository. (If you only allow
### access through http: and/or file: URLs, then this file is
### irrelevant.)
### Visit http: //subversion.tigris.org/ for more information.
[general]
### These options control access to the repository for unauthenticated
### and authenticated users. Valid values are "write" , "read" ,
### and "none" . The sample settings below are the defaults.
anon-access = none # 注意這里必須設置,否則所有用戶不用密碼就可以訪問
auth-access = write
### The password-db option controls the location of the password
### database file. Unless you specify a path starting with a /,
### the file's location is relative to the directory containing
### this configuration file.
### If SASL is enabled (see below), this file will NOT be used.
### Uncomment the line below to use the default password file.
password-db = passwd
### The authz-db option controls the location of the authorization
### rules for path-based access control. Unless you specify a path
### starting with a /, the file's location is relative to the the
### directory containing this file. If you don't specify an
### authz-db, no path-based access control is done.
### Uncomment the line below to use the default authorization file.
authz-db = authz
### This option specifies the authentication realm of the repository.
### If two repositories have the same authentication realm, they should
### have the same password database, and vice versa. The default realm
### is repository's uuid.
realm = tshop
[sasl]
### This option specifies whether you want to use the Cyrus SASL
### library for authentication. Default is false .
### This section will be ignored if svnserve is not built with Cyrus
### SASL support; to check, run 'svnserve --version' and look for a line
### reading 'Cyrus SASL authentication is available.'
# use-sasl = true
### These options specify the desired strength of the security layer
### that you want SASL to provide. 0 means no encryption, 1 means
### integrity-checking only, values larger than 1 are correlated
### to the effective key length for encryption (e.g. 128 means 128 -bit
### encryption). The values below are the defaults.
# min-encryption = 0
# max-encryption = 256
### This file controls the configuration of the svnserve daemon, if you
### use it to allow access to this repository. (If you only allow
### access through http: and/or file: URLs, then this file is
### irrelevant.)
### Visit http: //subversion.tigris.org/ for more information.
[general]
### These options control access to the repository for unauthenticated
### and authenticated users. Valid values are "write" , "read" ,
### and "none" . The sample settings below are the defaults.
anon-access = none # 注意這里必須設置,否則所有用戶不用密碼就可以訪問
auth-access = write
### The password-db option controls the location of the password
### database file. Unless you specify a path starting with a /,
### the file's location is relative to the directory containing
### this configuration file.
### If SASL is enabled (see below), this file will NOT be used.
### Uncomment the line below to use the default password file.
password-db = passwd
### The authz-db option controls the location of the authorization
### rules for path-based access control. Unless you specify a path
### starting with a /, the file's location is relative to the the
### directory containing this file. If you don't specify an
### authz-db, no path-based access control is done.
### Uncomment the line below to use the default authorization file.
authz-db = authz
### This option specifies the authentication realm of the repository.
### If two repositories have the same authentication realm, they should
### have the same password database, and vice versa. The default realm
### is repository's uuid.
realm = tshop
[sasl]
### This option specifies whether you want to use the Cyrus SASL
### library for authentication. Default is false .
### This section will be ignored if svnserve is not built with Cyrus
### SASL support; to check, run 'svnserve --version' and look for a line
### reading 'Cyrus SASL authentication is available.'
# use-sasl = true
### These options specify the desired strength of the security layer
### that you want SASL to provide. 0 means no encryption, 1 means
### integrity-checking only, values larger than 1 are correlated
### to the effective key length for encryption (e.g. 128 means 128 -bit
### encryption). The values below are the defaults.
# min-encryption = 0
# max-encryption = 256
對用戶配置文件的修改是立即生效的,不必重啟svn。
4、開始設置passwd用戶賬號信息
vi /data/svn/repos/conf/passwd
修改完之后的內容如下:
### This file is an example password file for svnserve.
### Its format is similar to that of svnserve.conf. As shown in the
### example below it contains one section labelled [users].
### The name and password for each user follow, one account per line.
### 在下面添加用戶和密碼,每行一組username = password
[users]
# harry = harryssecret
# sally = sallyssecret
###===========下面是我添加的用戶信息========#######
iitshare = password1
itblood = password2
vi /data/svn/repos/conf/passwd
修改完之后的內容如下:
### This file is an example password file for svnserve.
### Its format is similar to that of svnserve.conf. As shown in the
### example below it contains one section labelled [users].
### The name and password for each user follow, one account per line.
### 在下面添加用戶和密碼,每行一組username = password
[users]
# harry = harryssecret
# sally = sallyssecret
###===========下面是我添加的用戶信息========#######
iitshare = password1
itblood = password2
5、開始設置authz. 用戶訪問權限
vi /data/svn/repos/conf/authz
修改完之后的內容如下:
### This file is an example authorization file for svnserve.
### Its format is identical to that of mod_authz_svn authorization
### files.
### As shown below each section defines authorizations for the path and
### (optional) repository specified by the section name.
### The authorizations follow. An authorization line can refer to:
### - a single user,
### - a group of users defined in a special [groups] section,
### - an alias defined in a special [aliases] section,
### - all authenticated users, using the '$authenticated' token,
### - only anonymous users, using the '$anonymous' token,
### - anyone, using the '*' wildcard.
###
### A match can be inverted by prefixing the rule with '~' . Rules can
### grant read ( 'r' ) access, read-write ( 'rw' ) access, or no access
### ( '' ).
[aliases]
# joe = /C=XZ/ST=Dessert/L=Snake City/O=Snake Oil,
Ltd./OU=Research Institute/CN=Joe Average
# [groups]
# harry_and_sally = harry,sally
# harry_sally_and_joe = harry,sally,&joe
# [/foo/bar]
# harry = rw
# &joe = r
# * =
# [repository:/baz/fuz]
# @harry_and_sally = rw
# * = r
###--------------------下面我新加的------------------------###
###屏蔽掉上面的[groups] 因為在下面添加了
[groups]
devteam = iitshare, itblood #devteam 項目組包括兩個用戶iitshare,itblood
[/]
iitshare = rw
itblood =
[tshop:/tb2c]
@devteam = rw
itblood =
[tshop:/tb2b2c]
@devteam = rw
itblood = r
### This file is an example authorization file for svnserve.
### Its format is identical to that of mod_authz_svn authorization
### files.
### As shown below each section defines authorizations for the path and
### (optional) repository specified by the section name.
### The authorizations follow. An authorization line can refer to:
### - a single user,
### - a group of users defined in a special [groups] section,
### - an alias defined in a special [aliases] section,
### - all authenticated users, using the '$authenticated' token,
### - only anonymous users, using the '$anonymous' token,
### - anyone, using the '*' wildcard.
###
### A match can be inverted by prefixing the rule with '~' . Rules can
### grant read ( 'r' ) access, read-write ( 'rw' ) access, or no access
### ( '' ).
[aliases]
# joe = /C=XZ/ST=Dessert/L=Snake City/O=Snake Oil,
Ltd./OU=Research Institute/CN=Joe Average
# [groups]
# harry_and_sally = harry,sally
# harry_sally_and_joe = harry,sally,&joe
# [/foo/bar]
# harry = rw
# &joe = r
# * =
# [repository:/baz/fuz]
# @harry_and_sally = rw
# * = r
###--------------------下面我新加的------------------------###
###屏蔽掉上面的[groups] 因為在下面添加了
[groups]
devteam = iitshare, itblood #devteam 項目組包括兩個用戶iitshare,itblood
[/]
iitshare = rw
itblood =
[tshop:/tb2c]
@devteam = rw
itblood =
[tshop:/tb2b2c]
@devteam = rw
itblood = r
其中,1個用戶組可以包含1個或多個用戶,用戶間以逗號分隔。
說明:
devteam = iitshare, itblood #devteam 項目組包括兩個用戶iitshare,itblood
[/]
iitshare = rw #iitshare 對根目錄有讀寫權限
itblood = #itblood 對根目錄沒有任何權限
####如果需要配置tb2c、tb2b2c項目的權限,前提條件是tshop倉庫下面需要有這兩個項目
####如果沒有的話,tshop都將不能訪問
[tshop:/tb2c] #對tshop倉庫的tb2c項目進行權限控制
@devteam = rw #控制 devteam 組對tb2c項目有讀寫權限
itblood = #限制 itblood 所有權限,其它用戶有讀寫權限
[tshop:/tb2b2c] #對 tshop: 倉庫的 tb2b2c 項目進行權限控制
@devteam = rw #限制 devteam 組對tb2b2c項目有讀寫權限
itblood = r #限制 itblood 只有讀權限,其它用戶有讀寫權限
devteam = iitshare, itblood #devteam 項目組包括兩個用戶iitshare,itblood
[/]
iitshare = rw #iitshare 對根目錄有讀寫權限
itblood = #itblood 對根目錄沒有任何權限
####如果需要配置tb2c、tb2b2c項目的權限,前提條件是tshop倉庫下面需要有這兩個項目
####如果沒有的話,tshop都將不能訪問
[tshop:/tb2c] #對tshop倉庫的tb2c項目進行權限控制
@devteam = rw #控制 devteam 組對tb2c項目有讀寫權限
itblood = #限制 itblood 所有權限,其它用戶有讀寫權限
[tshop:/tb2b2c] #對 tshop: 倉庫的 tb2b2c 項目進行權限控制
@devteam = rw #限制 devteam 組對tb2b2c項目有讀寫權限
itblood = r #限制 itblood 只有讀權限,其它用戶有讀寫權限
6、注意:
* 權限配置文件中出現的用戶名必須已在用戶配置文件中定義。
* 對權限配置文件的修改立即生效,不必重啟svn。
用戶組格式:
[groups]
= ,
其中, 1 個用戶組可以包含 1 個或多個用戶,用戶間以逗號分隔。
版本庫目錄格式:
[<版本庫>:/項目/目錄]
@<用戶組名> = <權限>
<用戶名> = <權限>
[groups]
= ,
其中, 1 個用戶組可以包含 1 個或多個用戶,用戶間以逗號分隔。
版本庫目錄格式:
[<版本庫>:/項目/目錄]
@<用戶組名> = <權限>
<用戶名> = <權限>
其中,方框號內部分可以有多種寫法:
[/],表示根目錄及以下,根目錄是svnserve啟動時指定的,我們指定為/home/svndata,[/]就是表示對全部版本庫設置權限。
[tshop:/] 表示對版本庫tshop設置權限;
[tshop:/abc] 表示對版本庫tshop中的abc項目設置權限;
[tshop:/abc/aaa] 表示對版本庫tshop中的abc項目的aaa目錄設置權限;
權限主體可以是用戶組、用戶或*,用戶組在前面加@,*表示全部用戶。
權限可以是w、r、wr和空,空表示沒有任何權限。
7、建立啟動svn的用戶
useradd svn
根據提示,為用戶svn設置密碼
允許用戶svn訪問版本庫:
chown -R svn:svn /opt/svn
8、啟動svn:
方式一:svnserve -d -r /opt/svn/ #默認的啟動端口號為3690
方式二:su – svn -c “svnserve -d –listen-port 9999 -r /opt/svn/”
其中:
su – svn表示以用戶svn的身份啟動svn;
-d表示以daemon方式(后臺運行)運行;
–listen-port 9999表示使用9999端口,可以換成你需要的端口。但注意,使用1024以下的端口需要root權限;
-r /opt/svn 指定根目錄是/opt/svn。
9、檢查是否啟動
netstat -tunlp | grep svn
如果顯示以下信息說明啟動成功
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9999 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10973/svnserve
10、將svn加入到開機啟動
編輯rc.local文件:vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local
加入如下啟動命令:
/usr/local/svn/bin/svnserve -d –listen-port 9999 -r /opt/svn
11、如果想停止svn,則使用如下命令:
killall svnserve
12、如果想將svn作為服務:
在/etc/rc.d/init.d/目錄下新建名為svn的文件
并設置權限為755:chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/svn
編輯svn文件:vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/svn, 在里面添加如下代碼:
#!/bin/bash
# build this file in /etc/rc.d/init.d/svn
# chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/svn
# centos下可以用如下命令管理svn: service svn start(restart/stop)
SVN_HOME=/opt/svn
if [ ! -f "/usr/local/svn/bin/svnserve" ]
then
echo "svnserver startup: cannot start"
exit
fi
case "$1" in
start)
echo "Starting svnserve..."
/usr/local/svn/bin/svnserve -d --listen-port 9999 -r $SVN_HOME
echo "Finished!"
;;
stop)
echo "Stoping svnserve..."
killall svnserve
echo "Finished!"
;;
restart)
$ 0 stop
$ 0 start
;;
*)
echo "Usage: svn { start | stop | restart } "
exit 1
esac
#!/bin/bash
# build this file in /etc/rc.d/init.d/svn
# chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/svn
# centos下可以用如下命令管理svn: service svn start(restart/stop)
SVN_HOME=/opt/svn
if [ ! -f "/usr/local/svn/bin/svnserve" ]
then
echo "svnserver startup: cannot start"
exit
fi
case "$1" in
start)
echo "Starting svnserve..."
/usr/local/svn/bin/svnserve -d --listen-port 9999 -r $SVN_HOME
echo "Finished!"
;;
stop)
echo "Stoping svnserve..."
killall svnserve
echo "Finished!"
;;
restart)
$ 0 stop
$ 0 start
;;
*)
echo "Usage: svn { start | stop | restart } "
exit 1
esac
之后便可以以service svn start(restart/stop)方式啟動SVN。
通過web方式訪問svn有很多方法,請參閱配置websvn或配置bsSvnBrowser的方法
客戶端訪問
1、下載安裝文件
window 64位的話下載:TortoiseSVN-1.7.6.22632-x64-svn-1.7.4.msi
window 32位的話下載:TortoiseSVN-1.6.5.16974-win32-svn-1.6.5.msi
具體的下載文件可以在網上下載下,一找一大堆
2、通過客戶端進行訪問
地址如下:
svn://{your-server-ip}:9999/tshop/ 或者 svn://{your-server-ip}:3690/tshop/
注意:
不要在瀏覽器中通過http的方式進行訪問,如下地址:
http://{your-server-ip}:9999/tshop/ 或者 http://{your-server-ip}:3690/tshop/
那樣肯定是不行的,因為你沒有配置http的服務,上面是安裝獨立的SVN服務器
————————————————
版權聲明:本文為CSDN博主「Joker_Ye」的原創文章,遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版權協議,轉載請附上原文出處鏈接及本聲明。
原文鏈接:https://blog.csdn.net/hj7jay/article/details/51731789
問題
從svn服務器上down文件到本地linux本地:
一設置系統字符集:
svn 版本庫中有文件是以中文字符命名的,在 Linux 下 checkout 會報錯:
svn: Can't convert string from 'UTF-8' to native encoding
然后 checkout 程序就退出了!
解決辦法很簡單,正確設置當前系統的 locale:
export LC_CTYPE="zh_CN.UTF-8"
然后重新 checkout 即可。
注意,根據你的系統字符集設置變量,如果 zh_CN.UTF-8 不行,有可能要改成 GB2312:
export LC_CTYPE="zh_CN.GB2312"
另外,看別人的帖子,有的變量名不同,用的是:
export LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"
二:down文件到本機
svn co path1 path2
co是checkout的簡寫
path1是源文件路徑
path2是目標文件存放目錄
三:linux刪除目錄下所有文件
rm -rf *
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版權聲明:本文為CSDN博主「楓葉齋」的原創文章,遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版權協議,轉載請附上原文出處鏈接及本聲明。
原文鏈接:https://blog.csdn.net/he329867402/article/details/39179493
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