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python專題目錄

安裝pip

pip是常用的python包管理工具。

一、在系統自帶的python2.7的路徑下安裝pip

在Python2.7的安裝包中，easy_install.py是默認安裝的，而pip需要我們手動安裝。

sudo easy_install pip

Searching for pip
Reading https://pypi.org/simple/pip/
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5a/4a/39400ff9b36e719bdf8f31c99fe1fa7842a42fa77432e584f707a5080063/pip-20.2.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl#sha256=5244e51494f5d1dfbb89da492d4250cb07f9246644736d10ed6c45deb1a48500
Best match: pip 20.2.2
Processing pip-20.2.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing pip-20.2.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl to /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages
Adding pip 20.2.2 to easy-install.pth file
Installing pip script to /usr/local/bin
Installing pip3.8 script to /usr/local/bin
Installing pip3 script to /usr/local/bin

Installed /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-20.2.2-py2.7.egg
Processing dependencies for pip
Finished processing dependencies for pip

二、在python3.x的路徑下安裝pip

curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3

  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100 1840k  100 1840k    0     0  45105      0  0:00:41  0:00:41 --:--:--  267k
Collecting pip
  Downloading pip-20.2.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.5 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 1.5 MB 55 kB/s 
Installing collected packages: pip
  Attempting uninstall: pip
    Found existing installation: pip 19.1.1
    Uninstalling pip-19.1.1:
      Successfully uninstalled pip-19.1.1
Successfully installed pip-20.2.2

三、安裝驗證

pip --version

pip 20.2.2 from /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-20.2.2-py2.7.egg/pip (python 2.7)

pip3 --version

pip 19.0.3 from /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)

四、更新pip

pip install --upgrade pip

 pip3 install --upgrade pip

如果升級失敗，使用以下命令升級

python -m pip install -U --force-reinstall pip

五、卸載pip

python -m pip uninstall pip

python3 -m pip uninstall pip

六、安裝第三方包

pip install 包名

七、卸載第三方包

pip uninstall 包名

八、查詢已安裝的包

pip list

九、更換國內鏡像源

# linux下，修改 ~/.pip/pip.conf (沒有就創建一個)， 修改 index-url至tuna，內容如下：

 [global]
 index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
 
# 團隊私有源（VPN下）：https://dev.bolangit.cn/nexus/repository/pypi-public/simple/

# windows下，直接在user目錄中創建一個pip目錄，如：C:\Users\xx\pip，新建文件pip.ini，內容如下

 [global]
 index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

十、例子：安裝numpy

下載地址：https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/

執行：numpy包名稱要加英文雙引號。

pip install “[numpy包名稱] ”

10.1、另一種方式安裝包

setup.py  https://pypi.python.org/pypi 

• 先下載你要安裝的包，并解壓到磁盤下；

• 進入到該文件的setup.py 目錄下 ，打開cmd，并切換到該目錄下；

• 先執行 python setup.py build

• 然后執行 python setup.py install