Hive基礎（二）：使用基礎(2)Hive 安裝（一）（centos）

1 Hive安裝地址

1）Hive官網地址

http://hive.apache.org/

2）文檔查看地址

https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/GettingStarted

3）下載地址

http://archive.apache.org/dist/hive/

4）github地址

https://github.com/apache/hive

2 MySql安裝

2.1 安裝包準備

1）卸載自帶的Mysql-libs（如果之前安裝過mysql，要全都卸載掉）

[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ rpm -qa | grep -i -E mysql\|mariadb | xargs -n1 sudo rpm -e --nodeps

2）將安裝包和JDBC驅動上傳到/opt/software，共計6個

01_mysql-community-common-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
02_mysql-community-libs-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
03_mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
04_mysql-community-client-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
05_mysql-community-server-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-connector-java-5.1.48.jar

2.2 安裝MySql

1）安裝mysql依賴

[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ sudo rpm -ivh 01_mysql-community-common-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ sudo rpm -ivh 02_mysql-community-libs-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ sudo rpm -ivh 03_mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

2）安裝mysql-client

[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ sudo rpm -ivh 04_mysql-community-client-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

3）安裝mysql-server

[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ sudo rpm -ivh 05_mysql-community-server-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

4）啟動mysql

[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ sudo systemctl start mysqld

5）查看mysql密碼

[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ sudo cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password

2.3 配置MySql

配置只要是root用戶+密碼，在任何主機上都能登錄MySQL數據庫。

1）用剛剛查到的密碼進入mysql（如果報錯，給密碼加單引號）

[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ mysql -uroot -p’password’

2）設置復雜密碼(由于mysql密碼策略，此密碼必須足夠復雜)

mysql> set password=password("Qs23=zs32");

3）更改mysql密碼策略

mysql> set global validate_password_length=4;
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;

4）設置簡單好記的密碼

mysql> set password=password("000000");

5）進入msyql庫

mysql> use mysql

6）查詢user表

mysql> select user, host from user;

7）修改user表，把Host表內容修改為%

mysql> update user set host="%" where user="root";

8）刷新

mysql> flush privileges;

9）退出

mysql> quit;

3 Hive安裝部署

1）把apache-hive-3.1.2-bin.tar.gz上傳到linux的/opt/software目錄下

2）解壓apache-hive-3.1.2-bin.tar.gz到/opt/module/目錄下面

[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ tar -zxvf /opt/software/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin.tar.gz -C /opt/module/

3）修改apache-hive-3.1.2-bin.tar.gz的名稱為hive

[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ mv /opt/module/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/ /opt/module/hive

4）修改/etc/profile.d/my_env.sh，添加環境變量

[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ sudo vim /etc/profile.d/my_env.sh

5）添加內容

#HIVE_HOME
export HIVE_HOME=/opt/module/hive
export PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin

重啟Xshell對話框使環境變量生效

6）解決日志Jar包沖突

[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ mv $HIVE_HOME/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.10.0.jar $HIVE_HOME/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.10.0.bak

4 Hive元數據配置到MySql

4.1 拷貝驅動

將MySQL的JDBC驅動拷貝到Hive的lib目錄下

[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ cp /opt/software/mysql-connector-java-5.1.48.jar $HIVE_HOME/lib

4.2 配置Metastore到MySql

在$HIVE_HOME/conf目錄下新建hive-site.xml文件

[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ vim $HIVE_HOME/conf/hive-site.xml

添加如下內容

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
        <value>jdbc:mysql://hadoop102:3306/metastore?useSSL=false</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
        <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
        <value>root</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
        <value>000000</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
        <value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>hive.metastore.schema.verification</name>
        <value>false</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>hive.metastore.uris</name>
        <value>thrift://hadoop102:9083</value>
    </property>

    <property>
    <name>hive.server2.thrift.port</name>
    <value>10000</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>hive.server2.thrift.bind.host</name>
        <value>hadoop102</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>hive.metastore.event.db.notification.api.auth</name>
        <value>false</value>
    </property>

</configuration>

5 安裝Tez引擎

Tez是一個Hive的運行引擎，性能優于MR。為什么優于MR呢？看下圖。

用Hive直接編寫MR程序，假設有四個有依賴關系的MR作業，上圖中，綠色是Reduce Task，云狀表示寫屏蔽，需要將中間結果持久化寫到HDFS。

Tez可以將多個有依賴的作業轉換為一個作業，這樣只需寫一次HDFS，且中間節點較少，從而大大提升作業的計算性能。

1）將tez安裝包拷貝到集群，并解壓tar包

[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ mkdir /opt/module/tez
[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ tar -zxvf /opt/software/tez-0.10.1-SNAPSHOT-minimal.tar.gz -C /opt/module/tez

2）上傳tez依賴到HDFS

[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ hadoop fs -mkdir /tez
[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ hadoop fs -put /opt/software/tez-0.10.1-SNAPSHOT.tar.gz /tez

3）新建tez-site.xml

[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ vim $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/tez-site.xml

添加如下內容：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
<property>
    <name>tez.lib.uris</name>
    <value>${fs.defaultFS}/tez/tez-0.10.1-SNAPSHOT.tar.gz</value>
</property>
<property>
     <name>tez.use.cluster.hadoop-libs</name>
     <value>true</value>
</property>
<property>
     <name>tez.am.resource.memory.mb</name>
     <value>1024</value>
</property>
<property>
     <name>tez.am.resource.cpu.vcores</name>
     <value>1</value>
</property>
<property>
     <name>tez.container.max.java.heap.fraction</name>
     <value>0.4</value>
</property>
<property>
     <name>tez.task.resource.memory.mb</name>
     <value>1024</value>
</property>
<property>
     <name>tez.task.resource.cpu.vcores</name>
     <value>1</value>
</property>
</configuration>

4）修改Hadoop環境變量

編輯hadoop-env.sh

[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ vim $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/shellprofile.d/tez.sh

添加Tez的Jar包相關信息

hadoop_add_profile tez
function _tez_hadoop_classpath
{
    hadoop_add_classpath "$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop" after
    hadoop_add_classpath "/opt/module/tez/*" after
    hadoop_add_classpath "/opt/module/tez/lib/*" after
}

5）修改Hive的計算引擎