啟動(dòng)域時(shí)出錯(cuò): 無法在 'rhce' 獲取接口 MTU: 沒有那個(gè)設(shè)備
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/share/virt-manager/virtManager/asyncjob.py", line 75, in cb_wrapper
    callback(asyncjob, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/share/virt-manager/virtManager/asyncjob.py", line 111, in tmpcb
    callback(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/share/virt-manager/virtManager/libvirtobject.py", line 66, in newfn
    ret = fn(self, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/share/virt-manager/virtManager/domain.py", line 1420, in startup
    self._backend.create()
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.9/site-packages/libvirt.py", line 1234, in create
    if ret == -1: raise libvirtError ('virDomainCreate() failed', dom=self)
libvirt.libvirtError: 無法在 'rhce' 獲取接口 MTU: 沒有那個(gè)設(shè)備

<!--
WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:
  virsh net-edit rhce
or other application using the libvirt API.
-->

<network>
  <name>rhce</name>
  <uuid>918864ad-822f-4bc5-8d83-b0880d477a49</uuid>
  <bridge name='virbr3' stp='on' delay='0'/>
  <mac address='52:54:00:9f:5a:ff'/>
  <domain name='rhce'/>
  <ip address='172.25.0.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
  </ip>
</network>

[root@euler share]# rpm -qa | grep openssh              # 查看ssh,能否被遠(yuǎn)程ssh必須軟件包
openssh-8.8p1-21.oe2203sp2.x86_64
openssh-server-8.8p1-21.oe2203sp2.x86_64
openssh-clients-8.8p1-21.oe2203sp2.x86_64
openssh-askpass-8.8p1-21.oe2203sp2.x86_64
[root@euler share]# pgrep -l sshd                       # 檢索正在運(yùn)行的進(jìn)程
1625 sshd
[root@euler share]# ps -elf | grep sshd                 # 查看ssh進(jìn)程
4 S root        1625       1  0  80   0 -  3473 do_sel 08:24 ?        00:00:00 sshd: /usr/sbin/sshd -D [listener] 0 of 10-100 startups
0 S root       43407   28302  0  80   0 -  5494 pipe_r 16:23 pts/7    00:00:00 grep --color=auto sshd

[root@euler bin]# ll /usr/local/bin/           # 查看euler默認(rèn)環(huán)境配置
總用量 30760
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root    64984  6月 29 01:23 blur_image
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root  2322376  3月 18  2021 crashpad_handler
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root 29108416  3月 18  2021 qq

[root@server1 ~]# vim /usr/local/bin/rht-vmctl
#!/bin/bash

IMG_DIR=/var/lib/libvirt/images
XML_DIR=/etc/libvirt/qemu

help(){
        echo "命令語法: rht-vmctl  子命令  虛擬機(jī)名稱
子命令可以是:
   start: 啟動(dòng)虛擬機(jī)
   stop : 關(guān)閉虛擬機(jī)
   reset: 重置虛擬機(jī)
虛擬機(jī)名稱可以是:
   red
   blue
   control
   node1
   node2
   node3
   node4
   node5"
}
reset_red(){
 sudo virsh destroy red &> /dev/null
 sudo virsh undefine red &> /dev/null
  if [ -f $IMG_DIR/red.qcow2 ];then
        sudo  rm -rf $IMG_DIR/red.qcow2
  fi
  sudo qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b $IMG_DIR/.rhel9_red.orig -F qcow2  $IMG_DIR/red.qcow2 &> /dev/null
  sudo cp $IMG_DIR/.rhel9_red.xml  $XML_DIR/red.xml
  sudo virsh define  $XML_DIR/red.xml &>/dev/null
  echo "Define red vm OK."
  sudo virsh start  red  &> /dev/null
}

reset_blue(){
  sudo virsh destroy blue &> /dev/null
  sudo virsh undefine blue &> /dev/null
  if [ -f $IMG_DIR/blue.qcow2 ];then
        sudo  rm -rf $IMG_DIR/blue.qcow2
  fi
  if [ -f $IMG_DIR/blue_vdb.qcow2 ];then
        sudo  rm -rf $IMG_DIR/blue_vdb.qcow2
  fi
  if [ -f $IMG_DIR/blue_vdc.qcow2 ];then
        sudo  rm -rf $IMG_DIR/blue_vdc.qcow2
  fi
  sudo qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b $IMG_DIR/.rhel9_blue.orig -F qcow2 $IMG_DIR/blue.qcow2 &> /dev/null
  sudo qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b $IMG_DIR/.rhel9_blue_vdb.orig -F qcow2 $IMG_DIR/blue_vdb.qcow2 &> /dev/null
  sudo qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b $IMG_DIR/.rhel9_blue_vdc.orig -F qcow2 $IMG_DIR/blue_vdc.qcow2 &> /dev/null
  sudo cp $IMG_DIR/.rhel9_blue.xml  $XML_DIR/blue.xml
  sudo virsh define  $XML_DIR/blue.xml &>/dev/null
  echo "Define blue vm OK."
  sudo virsh start blue &> /dev/null
}


reset_control(){
  sudo virsh destroy control &> /dev/null
  sudo virsh undefine control &> /dev/null
  if [ -f $IMG_DIR/control.qcow2 ];then
        sudo  rm -rf $IMG_DIR/control.qcow2
  fi
  sudo qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b $IMG_DIR/.rhel9_control.orig -F qcow2  $IMG_DIR/control.qcow2 &> /dev/null
  sudo cp $IMG_DIR/.rhel9_control.xml  $XML_DIR/control.xml
  sudo virsh define  $XML_DIR/control.xml &>/dev/null
  echo "Define control vm OK."
  sudo virsh start control &> /dev/null
}


reset_node1(){
  sudo virsh destroy node1 &> /dev/null
  sudo virsh undefine node1 &> /dev/null
  if [ -f $IMG_DIR/node1.qcow2 ];then
        sudo rm -rf $IMG_DIR/node1.qcow2
  fi
  sudo qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b $IMG_DIR/.rhel9_node1.orig -F qcow2  $IMG_DIR/node1.qcow2 &> /dev/null
  sudo cp $IMG_DIR/.rhel9_node1.xml  $XML_DIR/node1.xml
  sudo virsh define  $XML_DIR/node1.xml &>/dev/null
  echo "Define node1 vm OK."
  sudo virsh start node1 &> /dev/null
}

reset_node2(){
  sudo virsh destroy node2 &> /dev/null
  sudo virsh undefine node2 &> /dev/null
  if [ -f $IMG_DIR/node2.qcow2 ];then
         sudo rm -rf $IMG_DIR/node2.qcow2
  fi
  if [ -f $IMG_DIR/node2_vdb.qcow2 ];then
         sudo rm -rf $IMG_DIR/node2_vdb.qcow2
  fi
  sudo qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b $IMG_DIR/.rhel9_node2.orig -F qcow2 $IMG_DIR/node2.qcow2 &> /dev/null
  sudo qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b $IMG_DIR/.rhel9_node2_vdb.orig -F qcow2 $IMG_DIR/node2_vdb.qcow2 &> /dev/null
  sudo qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b $IMG_DIR/.rhel9_node2_vdc.orig -F qcow2 $IMG_DIR/node2_vdc.qcow2 &> /dev/null
  sudo cp $IMG_DIR/.rhel9_node2.xml  $XML_DIR/node2.xml
  sudo virsh define  $XML_DIR/node2.xml &>/dev/null
  echo "Define node2 vm OK."
  sudo virsh start node2 &> /dev/null
}



reset_node3(){
  sudo virsh destroy node3 &> /dev/null
  sudo virsh undefine node3 &> /dev/null
  if [ -f $IMG_DIR/node3.qcow2 ];then
        sudo rm -rf $IMG_DIR/node3.qcow2
  fi
  sudo qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b $IMG_DIR/.rhel9_node3.orig -F qcow2 $IMG_DIR/node3.qcow2 &> /dev/null
  sudo cp $IMG_DIR/.rhel9_node3.xml  $XML_DIR/node3.xml
  sudo virsh define  $XML_DIR/node3.xml  &>/dev/null
  echo "Define node3 vm OK."
  sudo virsh start node3 &> /dev/null
}

reset_node4(){
  sudo virsh destroy node4 &> /dev/null
  sudo virsh undefine node4 &> /dev/null
  if [ -f $IMG_DIR/node4.qcow2 ];then
         sudo rm -rf $IMG_DIR/node4.qcow2
  fi
  if [ -f $IMG_DIR/node4_vdb.qcow2 ];then
         sudo rm -rf $IMG_DIR/node4_vdb.qcow2
  fi
  sudo qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b $IMG_DIR/.rhel9_node4.orig -F qcow2 $IMG_DIR/node4.qcow2 &> /dev/null
  sudo qemu-img create -f qcow2 $IMG_DIR/node4_vdb.qcow2 2G &> /dev/null
  sudo cp $IMG_DIR/.rhel9_node4.xml  $XML_DIR/node4.xml
  sudo virsh define  $XML_DIR/node4.xml &>/dev/null
  echo "Define node4 vm OK." 
  sudo virsh start node4 &> /dev/null
}



reset_node5(){
  sudo virsh destroy node5 &> /dev/null
  sudo virsh undefine node5 &> /dev/null
  if [ -f $IMG_DIR/node5.qcow2 ];then
         sudo rm -rf $IMG_DIR/node5.qcow2
  fi
  if [ -f $IMG_DIR/node5_vdb.qcow2 ];then
         sudo rm -rf $IMG_DIR/node5_vdb.qcow2
  fi
  sudo qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b $IMG_DIR/.rhel9_node5.orig -F qcow2 $IMG_DIR/node5.qcow2 &> /dev/null
  sudo qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b $IMG_DIR/.rhel9_node5_vdb.orig -F qcow2 $IMG_DIR/node5_vdb.qcow2 &> /dev/null
  sudo qemu-img create -f qcow2 $IMG_DIR/node5_vdc.qcow2 1G &> /dev/null
  sudo cp $IMG_DIR/.rhel9_node5.xml  $XML_DIR/node5.xml
  sudo virsh define  $XML_DIR/node5.xml &>/dev/null
  echo "Define node5 vm OK."
  sudo virsh start node5 &> /dev/null
}



startvm(){
tmp=$(virsh list --all | awk -v vm=$1 '$2==vm {print "0"}')
if [ "$tmp" == "0" ];then
    virsh start $1 &>/dev/null
    echo "Start $1 OK."
else
    echo "Could't found $1 vm."
    echo "Please reset $1 vm first."
fi
}

stopvm(){
tmp=$(virsh list --all | awk -v vm=$1 '$2==vm {print "0"}')
if [ "$tmp" == "0" ];then
    virsh destroy $1 &>/dev/null
    echo "Stop $1 OK."
else
    echo "Could't found $1 vm."
    echo "Please reset $1 vm first."
fi
}


case $1 in
start)
   case $2 in
red)
        startvm red;;
blue)
        startvm blue;;
control)
        startvm control;;
node1)
        startvm node1;;
node2)
        startvm node2;;
node3)
        startvm node3;;
node4)
        startvm node4;;
node5)
        startvm node5;;
utility)
                startvm utility;;
*)
        help;;
   esac;;
stop)
   case $2 in
red)
        stopvm red;;
blue)
        stopvm blue;;
control)
        stopvm control;;
node1)
        stopvm node1;;
node2)
        stopvm node2;;
node3)
        stopvm node3;;
node4)
        stopvm node4;;
node5)
        stopvm node5;;
utility)
        stopvm utility;;
*)
        help;;
   esac;;
reset)
   case $2 in
red)
        reset_red;;
blue)
        reset_blue;;
control)
        reset_control;;
node1)
        reset_node1;;
node2)
        reset_node2;;
node3)
        reset_node3;;
node4)
        reset_node4;;
node5)
        reset_node5;;
utility)
        reset_utility;;
*)
        help;;
   esac;;

[root@lindows ~]# /usr/local/bin/vm            # 定制化環(huán)境命令
vm {clone|remove|setip|completion} vm_name
[root@lindows ~]# more /usr/local/bin/vm       # 定制化腳本變量vm
#!/bin/bash
export LANG=C
. /etc/init.d/functions
CONF_DIR=/etc/libvirt/qemu
IMG_DIR=/var/lib/libvirt/images

function clone_vm(){
    local clone_IMG=${IMG_DIR}/${1};shift
    local clone_XML=${IMG_DIR}/${1};shift
    while ((${#} > 0));do
      if  [ -e ${IMG_DIR}/${1}.img ];then
          echo_warning
          echo "vm ${1}.img is exists"
          return 1
      else
          sudo -u qemu qemu-img create -b ${clone_IMG} -F qcow2 -f qcow2 ${IMG_DIR}/${1}.img 20G >/dev/null
          sed -e "s,node_base,${1}," ${clone_XML} |sudo tee ${CONF_DIR}/${1}.xml >/dev/null
          sudo virsh define ${CONF_DIR}/${1}.xml &>/dev/null
          msg=$(sudo virsh start ${1})
          echo_success
          echo ${msg}
      fi
      shift
    done
}
function remove_vm(){
    if $(sudo virsh list --all --name|grep -Pq "^${1}$");then
       img=$(sudo virsh domblklist $1 2>/dev/null |grep -Po "/var/lib/libvirt/images/.*")
       sudo virsh destroy  $1 &>/dev/null
       sudo virsh undefine $1 &>/dev/null
       sudo rm -f ${img}
       echo_success
       echo "vm ${1} delete"
    fi
}
function vm_setIP(){
    EXEC="sudo virsh qemu-agent-command $1"
    until $(${EXEC} '{"execute":"guest-ping"}' &>/dev/null);do sleep 1;done
    file_id=$(${EXEC} '{"execute":"guest-file-open",
              "arguments":{"path":"/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0","mode":"w"}}' |\
               python3 -c 'import json;print(json.loads(input())["return"])')
    body=$"# Generated by dracut initrd\nDEVICE=\"eth0\"\nONBOOT=\"yes\"\nNM_CONTROLLED=\"yes\"\nTYPE=\"Ethernet\"\nBOOTPROTO=\"static\"\nIPADDR=\"${2}\"\nPREFIX=24\nGATEWAY=\"${2%.*}.254\"\nDNS1=\"${2%.*}.254\""
    base64_body=$(echo -e "${body}"|base64 -w 0)
    ${EXEC} "{\"execute\":\"guest-file-write\",
              \"arguments\":{\"handle\":${file_id},\"buf-b64\":\"${base64_body}\"}}" &>/dev/null
    ${EXEC} "{\"execute\":\"guest-file-close\",\"arguments\":{\"handle\":${file_id}}}" &>/dev/null
    sudo virsh reboot ${1} &>/dev/null
}
function vm_completion(){
    cat <<"EOF"
__start_vm()
{
  COMPREPLY=()
  local cur
  cur="${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}"

  if [[ "${COMP_WORDS[0]}" == "vm" ]] && [[ ${#COMP_WORDS[@]} -eq 2 ]];then
     COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W "clone remove setip" ${cur}))
  fi
  if [[ "${COMP_WORDS[1]}" == "remove" ]] && [[ ${#COMP_WORDS[@]} -gt 2 ]];then
     COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W "$(sudo virsh list --name --all)" ${cur}))
  fi
  if [[ "${COMP_WORDS[1]}" == "setip" ]] && [[ ${#COMP_WORDS[@]} -eq 3 ]];then
     COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W "$(sudo virsh list --name)" ${cur}))
  fi
}

if [[ $(type -t compopt) = "builtin" ]]; then
    complete -o default -F __start_vm vm
else
    complete -o default -o nospace -F __start_vm vm
fi
EOF
}

# main 
case "$1" in
    clone)
      shift
      _img=".Rocky.qcow2"
      _xml=".node_base.xml"
      clone_vm ${_img} ${_xml} ${@}
    ;;
    remove)
      while ((${#} > 1));do
        shift
        remove_vm ${1}
      done
    ;;
    setip)
      if (( ${#} == 3 )) && $(sudo virsh list --all --name|grep -Pq "^${2}$");then
         domid=$(sudo virsh domid $2)
         if [[ ${domid} != "-" ]] && $(grep -Pq "^((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1?\d?\d)\.){3}(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1?\d?\d)$" <<<"${3}");then
            vm_setIP "${2}" "$3"
         fi
      else
         echo "${0##*/} setip vm_name ip.xx.xx.xx"
      fi
    ;;
    completion)
      vm_completion
    ;;
    *)
      echo "${0##*/} {clone|remove|setip|completion} vm_name"
    ;;
esac

exit $?

<!--                                                                                                                   
WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE                                                
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:                                          
  virsh net-edit private1                                                                                              
or other application using the libvirt API.                                                                            
-->                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                       
<network>                                                                                                              
  <name>private1</name>                                                                                                
  <uuid>668f46ac-4153-4c0c-8bab-87a0fbd6a930</uuid>                                                                    
  <forward mode='nat'/>                                                                                                
  <bridge name='private1' stp='on' delay='0'/>                                                                         
  <mac address='52:54:00:1f:13:8c'/>                                                                                   
  <domain name='localhost' localOnly='no'/>                                                                            
  <ip address='192.168.88.254' netmask='255.255.255.0'>                                                                
    <dhcp>                                                                                                             
      <range start='192.168.88.128' end='192.168.88.200'/>                                                             
    </dhcp>                                                                                                            
  </ip>                                                                                                                
</network>

<!--                                                                                                                   
WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE                                                
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:                                          
  virsh net-edit private2                                                                                              
or other application using the libvirt API.                                                                            
-->                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                       
<network>                                                                                                              
  <name>private2</name>                                                                                                
  <uuid>3bbe6f7c-f07a-4fe5-a062-f23954864614</uuid>                                                                    
  <bridge name='private2' stp='on' delay='0'/>                                                                         
  <mac address='52:54:00:c9:a6:0a'/>                                                                                   
  <ip address='192.168.99.254' netmask='255.255.255.0'>                                                                
    <dhcp>                                                                                                             
      <range start='192.168.99.128' end='192.168.99.200'/>                                                             
    </dhcp>                                                                                                            
  </ip>                                                                                                                
</network>

<!--                                                                                                                                            
WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE                                                                         
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:                                                                   
  virsh net-edit rhce                                                                                                                           
or other application using the libvirt API.                                                                                                     
-->                                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                                
<network>                                                                                                                                       
  <name>rhce</name>                                                                                                                             
  <uuid>918864ad-822f-4bc5-8d83-b0880d477a49</uuid>                                                                                             
  <bridge name='virbr3' stp='on' delay='0'/>                                                                                                    
  <mac address='52:54:00:9f:5a:ff'/>                                                                                                            
  <domain name='rhce'/>                                                                                                                         
  <ip address='172.25.0.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>                                                                                             
  </ip>                                                                                                                                         
</network>

[root@ c7-81 ~]# dmesg |grep kvm
[root@ c7-81 ~]# egrep -o '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo

[root@ c7-81 ~]# 

[root@ c7-81 ~]# systemctl enable libvirtd
[root@ c7-81 ~]# systemctl start libvirtd

[root@ c7-81 ~]# cd /opt/

[root@ c7-81 opt]# ll
total 940032
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 962592768 May 13 15:16 CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1810.iso
[root@ c7-81 opt]# dd if=/dev/cdrom of=/opt/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1810.iso

[root@ c7-81 opt]# qemu-img create -f qcow2 /opt/c73.qcow2 6G
[root@ c7-81 opt]# ll
total 4554948
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     197120 May 13 15:20 c73.qcow2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4664066048 May 13 15:18 CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1810.iso
-f 制定虛擬機(jī)格式
/opt/ 存放路徑
6G 鏡像大小
raw 裸磁盤不支持快照
qcow2 支持快照
qemu-img軟件包是quem-kvm-tools依賴安裝的

[root@ c7-81 opt]# yum -y install virt-install
[root@ c7-81 opt]# virt-install --virt-type=kvm --name=c73 --vcpus=1 -r 1024 --cdrom=/opt/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1810.iso--network network=default --graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 --noautoconsole --os-type=linux --os-variant=rhel7 --disk path=/opt/c73.qcow2,size=6,format=qcow2

[root@ c7-81 opt]# virsh list --all
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------
 1     c73                            running

[root@ c7-81 opt]# netstat -lntup | grep 5900
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5900            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2733/qemu-kvm

[root@ c7-81 opt]# virsh list --all
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------
 -     c73                            shut off

[root@ c7-81 opt]# virsh start c73
Domain c73 started

[root@ c7-81 opt]# virsh list --all
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------
 2     c73                            running

[root@ c7-81 ~]# ifconfig virbr0

[root@ c7-81 ~]# yum -y install bridge-utils

[root@ c7-81 ~]# brctl addbr br0
[root@ c7-81 ~]# brctl show
bridge name    bridge id        STP enabled    interfaces
br0        8000.000000000000    no
virbr0        8000.5254009f19ef    yes        virbr0-nic
                            vnet0

敲完這個(gè)命令之后xshell會(huì)斷開
[root@ c7-81 ~]# brctl addif br0 ens33

這個(gè)不會(huì)斷
[root@ c7-82 ~]# virsh iface-bridge ens33 br0

[root@ c7-81 ~]# ip addr del dev ens33 10.0.0.81/24 //刪除ens33上的ip地址
[root@ c7-81 ~]# ifconfig br0 10.0.0.81/24 up  //配置br0的ip地址并啟動(dòng)設(shè)備
[root@ c7-81 ~]# route add default gw 10.0.0.254  //重新加入默認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān)
[root@ c7-81 ~]# route -n

[root@ c7-81 ~]# cp /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 .
[root@ c7-81 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

[root@ c7-81 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
DEVICE=ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0
NM_CONTROLLED=no

[root@ c7-81 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0

[root@ c7-81 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0
DEVICE=br0
TYPE=Bridge
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=10.0.0.81
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=10.0.0.254
NM_CONTROLLED=no

[root@ c7-81 ~]# systemctl restart network

[root@ c7-81 ~]# yum install -y xorg-x11-font-utils.x86_64 xorg-x11-server-utils.x86_64 xorg-x11-utils.x86_64 xorg-x11-xauth.x86_64 xorg-x11-xinit.x86_64 xorg-x11-drv-ati-firmware

libvirt是管理虛擬機(jī)的APL庫，不僅支持KVM虛擬機(jī)，也可以管理Xen等方案下的虛擬機(jī)。
[root@ c7-81 ~]# yum -y install virt-manager libvirt libvirt-Python python-virtinst libvirt-client virt-viewer qemu-kvm mesa-libglapi

因?yàn)槲业闹鳈C(jī)是服務(wù)器，沒有圖形化界面，想要用virt-manager圖形化安裝虛擬機(jī)，還需要安裝X-window。
[root@ c7-81 ~]# yum -y install libXdmcp libXmu libxkbfile xkeyboard-config xorg-x11-xauth xorg-x11-xkb-utils

開啟libvirt服務(wù)
[root@ c7-81 ~]# systemctl restart libvirtd.service
[root@ c7-81 ~]# systemctl enable libvirtd.service

[root@ c7-81 ~]# virt-manager

yum -y install dejavu-sans-mono-fonts 

[root@kvm-server ~]# virsh domiflist vm-node1
Interface  Type       Source     Model       MAC
-------------------------------------------------------
vnet0      bridge     br0        virtio      52:54:00:40:75:05

[root@kvm-server ~]# virsh attach-interface vm-node1 --type bridge --source br0 --model virtio        #臨時(shí)增加網(wǎng)卡的方法，關(guān)機(jī)后再開機(jī)新增網(wǎng)卡配置丟失
Interface attached successfully

[root@kvm-server ~]# virsh domiflist vm-node1
Interface  Type       Source     Model       MAC
-------------------------------------------------------
vnet0      bridge     br0        virtio      52:54:00:40:75:05
vnet1      bridge     br0        virtio      52:54:00:5b:6c:cc

[root@kvm-server ~]# virsh edit vm-node1                                                               #永久生效方法一：修改配置文件增加如下內(nèi)容
    <interface type='bridge'>                                                                          #永久生效方法二：使用virt-manager管理工具進(jìn)行操作
      <mac address='52:54:00:11:90:7c'/>
      <source bridge='br0'/>
      <target dev='vnet1'/>
      <model type='virtio'/>
      <alias name='net1'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>

[root@kvm-server ~]# virsh domiflist vm-node1                                                          #查找虛擬機(jī)網(wǎng)卡的MAC地址
Interface  Type       Source     Model       MAC
-------------------------------------------------------
vnet0      bridge     br0        virtio      52:54:00:40:75:05
vnet1      bridge     br0        virtio      52:54:00:84:23:3d

[root@kvm-server ~]# virsh detach-interface vm-node1 --type bridge --mac 52:54:00:84:23:3d --current   #根據(jù)MAC地址刪除網(wǎng)卡，即時(shí)生效，如果需要最終生效也要使用virsh edit 來修改配置文件
Interface detached successfully

[root@kvm-server ~]# virsh domiflist vm-node1
Interface  Type       Source     Model       MAC
-------------------------------------------------------
vnet0      bridge     br0        virtio      52:54:00:40:75:05

[root@kvm-server ~]# qemu-img create -f raw /Data/vm-node1-10G.raw 10G                                #創(chuàng)建raw格式并且大小為10G的磁盤
Formatting '/Data/vm-node1-10G.raw', fmt=raw size=10737418240 

[root@kvm-server ~]# qemu-img info /Data/vm-node1-10G.raw 
image: /Data/vm-node1-10G.raw
file format: raw
virtual size: 10G (10737418240 bytes)
disk size: 0

[root@kvm-server ~]# virsh attach-disk vm-node1 /Data/vm-node1-10G.raw vdb --cache none                #臨時(shí)生效，關(guān)機(jī)再開機(jī)后失效
Disk attached successfully

[root@kvm-server ~]# virsh dumpxml vm-node1                                                            #通過dumpxml找到下段配置文件
[root@kvm-server ~]# virsh edit vm-node1                                                               #使用edit命令，把找到的內(nèi)容加到vda磁盤后面即可
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/>
      <source file='/Data/vm-node1-10G.raw'/>
      <backingStore/>
      <target dev='vdb' bus='virtio'/>
      <alias name='virtio-disk1'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x09' function='0x0'/>
    </disk>

[root@vm-node1 ~]# fdisk -l                                                                            #數(shù)據(jù)盤已掛載，可以進(jìn)行分區(qū)、格式化、掛載等操作

Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00009df9

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048    83886079    41942016   83  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

磁盤鏡像格式的轉(zhuǎn)換方法：

[root@kvm-server ~]# qemu-img create -f raw test.raw 5G
Formatting 'test.raw', fmt=raw size=5368709120

[root@kvm-server ~]# qemu-img convert -p -f raw -O qcow2 test.raw test.qcow2                              #參數(shù)-p顯示進(jìn)度，-f是指原有的鏡像格式，-O是輸出的鏡像格式，然后是輸入文件和輸出文件
(100.00/100%)
[root@kvm-server ~]# qemu-img info test.qcow2 
image: test.qcow2
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 5.0G (5368709120 bytes)
disk size: 196K
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:
compat: 1.1
lazy refcounts: false

[root@kvm-server ~]# ll -sh test.*                                        
196K -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 193K Oct 19 16:19 test.qcow2
   0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5.0G Oct 19 16:11 test.raw

[root@kvm-server ~]# virsh shutdown CentOS-7.2-x86_64                                                      #必須要關(guān)機(jī)才能進(jìn)行克隆
Domain CentOS-7.2-x86_64 is being shutdown

[root@kvm-server ~]# virsh list --all
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------
 -     CentOS-7.2-x86_64              shut off
 -     vm-node1                       shut off

[root@kvm-server ~]# virt-clone -o CentOS-7.2-x86_64 -n vm-node2 -f /opt/vm-node2.raw                       #參數(shù)含義：-o被克隆虛擬機(jī)的名字、-n克隆后虛擬機(jī)的名字、-f指定磁盤存儲(chǔ)位置
WARNING  The requested volume capacity will exceed the available pool space when the volume is fully allocated. (40960 M requested capacity > 36403 M available)
Allocating 'vm-node2.raw'                                                                                                             |  40 GB  00:01:03     

Clone 'vm-node2' created successfully.
[root@kvm-server ~]# virsh list --all                                                                        #克隆后為關(guān)機(jī)狀態(tài)
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------
 -     CentOS-7.2-x86_64              shut off
 -     vm-node1                       shut off
 -     vm-node2                       shut off

# 為虛擬機(jī)node-192.168.5.95-kubeadmin-master磁盤創(chuàng)建快照
# virsh snapshot-create-as --domain node-192.168.5.95-kubeadmin-master --name kubeadmin-sys-init --description '準(zhǔn)備完成'
 Domain snapshot kubeadmin-sys-init created

# 查看磁盤快照
# virsh snapshot-list node-192.168.5.95-kubeadmin-master
Name                 Creation Time             State
------------------------------------------------------------
kubeadmin-sys-init   2020-07-31 22:05:39 +0800 running

# 恢復(fù)磁盤快照
# virsh snapshot-revert node-192.168.5.95-kubeadmin-master kubeadmin-sys-init

# 刪除磁盤快照
# virt snapshot-delete node-192.168.5.95-kubeadmin-master kubeadmin-sys-init

[root@kvm-server ~]# virsh shutdown CentOS-7.2-x86_64                                                         #需要先關(guān)機(jī)，然后對(duì)虛擬機(jī)進(jìn)行改名
[root@kvm-server ~]# cp /etc/libvirt/qemu/vm-node2.xml /etc/libvirt/qemu/vm-test.xml                          #拷貝xml文件為要修改的名稱，如:vm-test
[root@kvm-server ~]# grep '<name>' /etc/libvirt/qemu/vm-test.xml                                              #修改vm-test.xml中的name字段為vm-test
  <name>vm-test</name>
[root@kvm-server ~]# virsh undefine vm-node2                                                                  #刪除之前的虛擬機(jī)
Domain vm-node2 has been undefined

[root@kvm-server ~]# virsh define /etc/libvirt/qemu/vm-test.xml                                               #定義新的虛擬機(jī)
Domain vm-test defined from /etc/libvirt/qemu/vm-test.xml

[root@kvm-server ~]# virsh list --all                                                                         #已完成改名操作
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------
 -     CentOS-7.2-x86_64              shut off
 -     vm-node1                       shut off
 -     vm-test                        shut off

# 查看默認(rèn)的CPU和內(nèi)存大小
virsh edit node-192.168.5.90-test

<domain type='kvm'>
  <name>node-192.168.5.90-test</name>
  <uuid>de4fe850-2fa7-49be-b785-77642bc95713</uuid>
  <memory unit='KiB'>4194304</memory>
  <currentMemory unit='KiB'>4194304</currentMemory>
  <vcpu placement='static'>2</vcpu>

# 修改配置
<domain type='kvm'>
  <name>node-192.168.5.90-test</name>
  <uuid>de4fe850-2fa7-49be-b785-77642bc95713</uuid>
  <memory unit='KiB'>8192000</memory>
  <currentMemory unit='KiB'>4194304</currentMemory>
  <vcpu placement='auto' current="1">16</vcpu>

# 關(guān)閉虛擬機(jī)，再開機(jī)；注意不要重啟，重啟配置不生效。
virsh shutdown node-192.168.5.90-test
virsh start node-192.168.5.90-test

# 動(dòng)態(tài)修改VCPU；VCPU只能熱增加，不能減少
# 查看當(dāng)前邏輯CPU數(shù)量
[root@192-168-5-90 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "processor"| wc -l
1
# 動(dòng)態(tài)增加到4個(gè)
virsh setvcpus node-192.168.5.90-test 4 --live
# 再次查看CPU數(shù)量
[root@192-168-5-90 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "processor"| wc -l
4

# 動(dòng)態(tài)修改內(nèi)存（增減都可以）
# virsh qemu-monitor-command node-192.168.5.90-test --hmp --cmd info balloon        # 查看當(dāng)前內(nèi)存大小
balloon: actual=4096
# virsh qemu-monitor-command node-192.168.5.90-test --hmp --cmd balloon 8190        # 設(shè)置當(dāng)前內(nèi)存為8G

# virsh qemu-monitor-command node-192.168.5.90-test --hmp --cmd info balloon        # 查看當(dāng)前內(nèi)存大小
balloon: actual=8000
# virsh qemu-monitor-command node-192.168.5.90-test --hmp --cmd balloon 6000        # 設(shè)置當(dāng)前內(nèi)存為6G

# virsh qemu-monitor-command node-192.168.5.90-test --hmp --cmd info balloon        # 查看當(dāng)前內(nèi)存大小
balloon: actual=6000

# 查看當(dāng)前活躍的網(wǎng)絡(luò)
virsh net-list 

# 查看該網(wǎng)絡(luò)的詳細(xì)配置
virsh net-dumpxml default

<interface type='network'>
    <mac address='52:54:00:c7:18:b5'/>
    <source network='default'/>
    <model type='virtio'/>
    <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
</interface>

# 編輯修改default網(wǎng)絡(luò)的配置
virsh net-edit default

# 將default網(wǎng)絡(luò)干掉，然后再重新定義：
virsh net-undefine default 

# 重新創(chuàng)建一個(gè)default.xml文件，自定義其中的內(nèi)容，可以指定某個(gè)mac地址對(duì)應(yīng)某個(gè)ip，指定某個(gè)ip段。
touch default.xml
virsh net-define default.xml

# 例如下面的內(nèi)容，name對(duì)應(yīng)的是客戶機(jī)的名字。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<network> 
  <name>default</name>  
  <uuid>dc69ff61-6445-4376-b940-8714a3922bf7</uuid>  
  <forward mode="nat"/>  
  <bridge name="virbr0" stp="on" delay="0"/>  
  <mac address="52:54:00:81:14:18"/>  
  <ip address="192.168.122.1" netmask="255.255.255.0"> 
    <dhcp> 
      <range start="192.168.122.2" end="192.168.122.254"/>  
      <host mac="00:25:90:eb:4b:bb" name="guest1" ip="192.168.5.13"/>  
      <host mac="00:25:90:eb:34:2c" name="guest2" ip="192.168.7.206"/>  
      <host mac="00:25:90:eb:e5:de" name="guest3" ip="192.168.7.207"/>  
      <host mac="00:25:90:eb:7e:11" name="guest4" ip="192.168.7.208"/>  
      <host mac="00:25:90:eb:b2:11" name="guest5" ip="192.168.7.209"/> 
    </dhcp> 
  </ip> 
</network>

# 生效
virsh net-start default