夜凈天明

(1)動詞不定式： 由 to + 動詞原形構成。 可以做主語，賓語，賓補，定語，表語和狀語

主語

1. To get there by bike will take us an hour

賓語

2. The river failed to see the car in time 

賓補

3. We believe him to be guilty

定語

4. The next train to arrive is from seoul

表語和狀語

5. My suggestion is to put off the meeting
6. I come here only to say goodbye to you

（2）動詞原形 + ing 可作動名詞用，具有動詞的特征和變化形式，但在句子中的用法及功能類同名詞： 在句子中可以作主語，賓語，表語，定語。它也可以被副詞修飾或者支配賓語

1. Reading is an art
2. They went on walking and never stopped talking
3. Your task is quickly cleaning the windows
4. This is a reading room

（3）假主語 / 真主語

to 不定式或動名詞可以在主語的位置上， 但一般用 it 代替它作形式主語，這種情況 it 叫形式主語

1. It's a great honor to be invited
2. It is no use crying over spilt milk

在賓語的位置上，用 it 代替它作形式賓語，這種情況 it 叫形式賓語

1. We think it important to learn English
2. I found it pleasant walking in the park 

（4）對動名詞或不定式進行否定時，在不定式或動名詞前加 not 否定就可以了

1. He pretended not to see her
2. He regrets not joining them

（5）to不定式作目的狀語

1. in order to + v 表示目的
  so as to +v 表示目的
  由in order to 引導的目的狀語，置于句首，句尾均可。由so as to 引導的目的狀語，只能置于句尾。
    I've written it down in order to remember it.
    0He shouted and waved so as to be noticed

 2. 否定形式
    I've written it down in order not to forget it
    He said nothing so as not to be noticed.

（5）包含不定式和動名詞的一些固定結構

 1 too ~ to ~ : 太...以至于不能...
     The room is too small to live

2 enough + n + to + v / adj +_ enough + to: 足夠...可以...
    There is enough food to eat.
    The box is big enough to contain six apple

3 On - ing: ~ 一 ... 就 ...
    On seeing the snake
    the girl was very frightened

4. There is no hope of ~ing: 沒希望...
    There is no hope of seeing him

5. feel like ~ing: 想要
    I feel like eating ice cream now

6. have a hard time ~ing: 做~艱難
    They have a hard time solving the problem themselves

（6）現在分詞/過去分詞

1. v + ing 可稱之為動名詞，也可稱之為現在分詞
    Writing books is his job
    He is writing a book

2. 動詞的 p.p 形式可稱之為動詞的過去分詞，用在完成時和被動語態當中。
    He has written the homework
    The homework is written

3. 分詞句是包含現在分詞和過去分詞的分句
    The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking
    Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station.