[醫療信息化][DICOM教程]DICOM Tutorials 教程目錄

DICOM Tutorials

CONTENTS

1. Background
2. Overview Tutorials on DICOM (and related topics)
3. DICOM Programming Tutorials using Java
4. DICOM Programming Tutorials using .NET
5. Other Topics on DICOM
6. Additonal Considerations
7. Links to Resources
   1. DICOM Toolkits
   2. DICOM Viewers and PACS Applications
   3. Other DICOM and Related Links
8. Disclaimer

Background

This is a series of articles on the topic of DICOM? that I have been working on slowly. DICOM is vast and complex healthcare standard which relates to many diagnostic medicine-related workflows such as modality imaging, image transfer, image storage, procedures, printing, and interpretation. The more I read and understand the history and evolution of this standard, I am blown away by wisdom and the foresight of the committee that designed the original standard and continues to improve it to this day. The standard provides a specification to enable information connectivity among a variety of vendors' products from the past, present and the future.

I hope this series of articles is useful to programmers and other information technology personnel who are new to this field by providing a quick and yet broad understanding necessary of the fundamentals before they attempt to build DICOM applications or participate in any DICOM-related initiatives. I have taken some liberties at simplifying some technical details for the newcomer. This is especially the case when I explain DICOM encoding as this is a difficult area to explain. Several DICOM files that I use throughout my examples may be more than eight characters long. The standard stipulates the file identifiers (names) to be at most 8 characters long (either uppercase alphabetic characters and numbers only) However, I deviate from this at the beginning of my tutorials intentionally to keep these details from distracting the learner. I hope you will forgive me for these small liberties in light of my main intention here which is to explain details regarding the standard by relating it to things that the readers are already comfortable with. Also, a quick disclaimer that I do not serve on the DICOM standards committee. So, you should to refer to the standard itself and its latest recommendations before starting any project involving this standard.

“Whatever you do will be insignificant, but it is very important that you do it.” ~ Mahatma Gandhi

Overview Tutorials on DICOM (and related topics)

1. Introduction to the DICOM Standard

2. Overview of IHE (Integrating the Healthcare Enteprise)

3. Basics of FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources)

4. A Very Short Introduction to the HL7 2.x Standard

5. HL7 V3 Standard - A High Level Overview

6. Use of Coded Vocabularies and Nomenclatures in DICOM and HL7

DICOM Programming Tutorials using Java

1. DICOM Basics using Java - Making Sense of the DICOM File

2. DICOM Basics using Java - Creating a DICOM File

3. DICOM Basics using Java - Extracting Image Data

4. DICOM Basics using Java - Viewing DICOM Images

5. DICOM Basics using Java - Understanding DICOM Directory

6. DICOM Basics using Java - Understanding DICOM Verification (C-ECHO)

7. DICOM Basics using Java - Understanding Association/Negotiations

8. DICOM Basics using Java - Handling Transient Errors during Communications

9. DICOM Basics using Java - Orthanc DICOM Server

10. DICOM Basics using Java - Query and Retrieve Operations (C-FIND)

11. DICOM Basics using Java - Query and Retrieve Operations (C-MOVE)

12. DICOM Basics using Java - Query and Retrieve Operations (C-GET)

13. DICOM Basics using Java - Store Service (C-STORE)

14. DICOM Basics using Java - Storage Commitment Service (using N-ACTION and N-EVENT-REPORT)

15. DICOM Basics using Java - Understanding Worklists and MPPS

16. DICOM Basics using Java - Understanding DICOM Structured Reports

17. DICOM Basics using Java - Understanding Print Operations

18. DICOM Basics using Java - Understanding DICOM for the Web (QIDO-RS,WADO-RS,WADO-URI,STOW-RS and UPS-RS)

DICOM Programming Tutorials using .NET

1. DICOM Basics using .NET and C# - Making Sense of the DICOM File

2. DICOM Basics using .NET and C# - Creating a DICOM File

3. DICOM Basics using .NET and C# - Extracting Image Data

4. DICOM Basics using .NET and C# - Viewing DICOM Images

5. DICOM Basics using .NET and C# - Reading DICOM Directories

6. DICOM Basics using .NET and C# - Writing DICOM Directories

7. DICOM Basics using .NET and C# - Understanding DICOM Verification (C-ECHO)

8. DICOM Basics using .NET and C# - Understanding Association/Negotiations

9. DICOM Basics using .NET and C# - Handling Transient Errors during Communications

10. DICOM Basics using .NET and C# - Orthanc DICOM Server

11. DICOM Basics using .NET and C# - Query and Retrieve Operations (C-FIND)

12. DICOM Basics using .NET and C# - Query and Retrieve Operations (C-MOVE)

13. DICOM Basics using .NET and C# - Query and Retrieve Operations (C-GET)

14. DICOM Basics using .NET and C# - Store Service (C-STORE)

15. DICOM Basics using .NET and C# - Storage Commitment Service (using N-ACTION and N-EVENT-REPORT)

16. DICOM Basics using .NET and C# - Understanding Worklists and MPPS

17. DICOM Basics using .NET and C# - Understanding DICOM Structured Reports

18. DICOM Basics using .NET and C# - Understanding Print Operations

19. DICOM Basics using .NET and C# - Understanding DICOM for the Web (QIDO-RS,WADO-RS,WADO-URI,STOW-RS and UPS-RS)

Other Topics on DICOM

1. DICOM Basics - How do HL7, DICOM and IHE come together

2. DICOM Basics - FHIR and DICOM

3. DICOM Basics - Understanding DICOM Conformance Statements

4. DICOM Basics - General Troubleshooting Tips and Techniques

Additonal Considerations

For the Java tutorials in the DICOM programming series, I use the freely available and easy to use PixelMed Java DICOM Library. For the .NET tutorials in the DICOM programming series, I use another freely available and open source toolkit called Fellow Oak (fo-dicom) DICOM Library. Although I like these implementations, you should be aware that there are a number of other toolkits (such as dcm4che, DicomObjects and DCMTK which are as good if not better in some respects) on the market. You should be able to follow along easily with any other toolkit (open source or otherwise) if you wish to do so as many of the DICOM-related concepts I explain in my tutorials are implemented by all these toolkits in some form or the other.

Links to Resources

I want to mention that that my use of these toolkits in this tutorial series does not in anyway imply my official endorsement of them for implementing DICOM-related functionality in your production applications. Every situation is unique, and only you are in the best position to decide what is best for you and your end users. Another thing to keep in mind is that my series of articles on DICOM programming is also not meant to be a tutorial on the PixelMed toolkit or the Fellow Oak (fo-dicom) DICOM toolkit. My sole focus is simply to build a basic understanding of DICOM concepts for programmers using small and focused code examples. So, if your goal is to learn how to use these particular toolkits in depth, then I would recommend that you contact the authors of these toolkits or any online help pages of these toolkits for more information. Here are some useful sites (no means exhaustive):

DICOM TOOLKITS

• PixelMed Open Source DICOM Toolkit
• Fellow Oak (fo-dicom) Open Source DICOM Toolkit
• Dcm4che Open Source DICOM Toolkit
• Dcmtk Open Source DICOM Toolkit
• Cornerstore.js Web-based Image Viewer SDK (includes DICOM Support)

DICOM VIEWERS AND PACS APPLICATIONS

• Orthanc Open Source PACS Viewer and Server
• ClearCanvas Open Source PACS Viewer and Server
• Free Imaging Research tools from RSNA

OTHER DICOM AND RELATED LINKS

• DICOM Home Page
• HL7 Main Site
• IHE Home Page
• List of DICOM Tags
• List of DICOM Transfer Syntaxes
• List of DICOM SOP classes

Disclaimer

I want to make a disclaimer about these articles. I do not serve on the DICOM standards committee. Therefore, I must caution you to take the information provided here with a grain of salt, and ultimately refer to the standard itself and its latest recommendations before starting any project involving the standard. For more information about the standard, you can visit its main site here.

If you have any questions or comments regarding these articles/tutorials, please feel free to send me an email. Please note that I may not get back to you right away due to work and other commitments.

DICOM? is the registered trademark of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association for its standards publications relating to digital communications of medical information. HL7, Health Level Seven, and FHIR are registered trademarks of Health Level Seven International.

+++++++翻譯++++++

DICOM教程

內容

1. 背景
2. DICOM概述教程（及相關主題）
3. 使用Java的DICOM編程教程
4. 使用.NET的DICOM編程教程
5. DICOM上的其他主題
6. 其他注意事項
7. 資源鏈接
   1. DICOM工具包
   2. DICOM查看器和PACS應用程序
   3. 其他DICOM和相關鏈接
8. 免責聲明

背景

這是我一直在慢慢研究的有關DICOM?的系列文章。DICOM是廣泛而復雜的醫療保健標準，涉及許多與診斷醫學相關的工作流程，例如模態成像，圖像傳輸，圖像存儲，程序，打印和解釋。我越是閱讀并理解了該標準的歷史和演變，就被設計原始標準并一直持續改進到今天的委員會的智慧和遠見震驚。該標準提供了一個規范，以實現過去，現在和將來的各種供應商產品之間的信息連接。

我希望本系列文章對本領域的新??手程序員和其他信息技術人員有所幫助，可以在他們嘗試構建DICOM應用程序或參與任何與DICOM相關的計劃之前，對基礎知識提供快速而廣泛的理解。在簡化新手的一些技術細節方面，我有一些自由。當我解釋DICOM編碼時尤其如此，因為這是一個難以解釋的領域。我在整個示例中使用的幾個DICOM文件的長度可能超過八個字符。該標準規定文件標識符（名稱）的長度最多為8個字符（僅限大寫字母字符和數字）。但是，我在教程開始時有意偏離此名稱，以防止這些細節分散學習者的注意力。希望您會因為我在這里的主要意圖而原諒我的這些小自由，我的主要目的是通過將標準與讀者已經熟悉的東西聯系起來來解釋有關標準的細節。另外，我沒有在DICOM標準委員會中任職。所以，你應該參考該標準本身及其最新建議，然后再開始涉及該標準的任何項目。

“無論您做什么都無關緊要，但做到這一點非常重要。” ?圣雄甘地

DICOM概述教程（及相關主題）

1. DICOM標準簡介

2. IHE概述（整合醫療保健企業）

3. FHIR（快速醫療保健互操作性資源）的基礎

4. HL7 2.x標準的簡短介紹

5. HL7 V3 Standard-概述

6. 在DICOM和HL7中使用編碼的詞匯和術語

使用Java的DICOM編程教程

1. 使用Java的DICOM基礎-理解DICOM文件

2. 使用Java的DICOM基礎知識-創建DICOM文件

3. 使用Java的DICOM基礎-提取圖像數據

4. 使用Java的DICOM基礎知識-查看DICOM圖像

5. 使用Java的DICOM基礎-了解DICOM目錄

6. 使用Java的DICOM基礎-了解DICOM驗證（C-ECHO）

7. 使用Java的DICOM基礎-了解關聯/協商

8. 使用Java的DICOM基礎-在通信過程中處理瞬態錯誤

9. 使用Java的DICOM基礎-Orthanc DICOM服務器

10. 使用Java的DICOM基礎-查詢和檢索操作（C-FIND）

11. 使用Java的DICOM基礎-查詢和檢索操作（C-MOVE）

12. 使用Java的DICOM基礎-查詢和檢索操作（C-GET）

13. 使用Java的DICOM基礎-商店服務（C-STORE）

14. 使用Java的DICOM基礎-存儲承諾服務（使用N-ACTION和N-EVENT-REPORT）

15. 使用Java的DICOM基礎-了解工作清單和MPPS

16. 使用Java的DICOM基礎-了解DICOM結構化報告

17. 使用Java的DICOM基礎-了解打印操作

18. 使用Java的DICOM基礎-理解Web的DICOM（QIDO-RS，WADO-RS，WADO-URI，STOW-RS和UPS-RS）

使用.NET的DICOM編程教程

1. 使用.NET和C＃的DICOM基礎知識-了解DICOM文件

2. 使用.NET和C＃的DICOM基礎知識-創建DICOM文件

3. 使用.NET和C＃的DICOM基礎-提取圖像數據

4. 使用.NET和C＃的DICOM基礎知識-查看DICOM圖像

5. 使用.NET和C＃的DICOM基礎-閱讀DICOM目錄

6. 使用.NET和C＃的DICOM基礎-編寫DICOM目錄

7. 使用.NET和C＃的DICOM基礎知識-了解DICOM驗證（C-ECHO）

8. 使用.NET和C＃的DICOM基礎-了解關聯/協商

9. 使用.NET和C＃的DICOM基礎知識-在通信過程中處理瞬態錯誤

10. .NET和C＃的DICOM基礎知識-Orthanc DICOM服務器

11. 使用.NET和C＃的DICOM基礎-查詢和檢索操作（C-FIND）

12. 使用.NET和C＃的DICOM基礎-查詢和檢索操作（C-MOVE）

13. 使用.NET和C＃的DICOM基礎-查詢和檢索操作（C-GET）

14. 使用.NET和C＃存儲服務（C-STORE）的DICOM基礎

15. 使用.NET和C＃的DICOM基礎-存儲承諾服務（使用N-ACTION和N-EVENT-REPORT）

16. 使用.NET和C＃的DICOM基礎-了解工作清單和MPPS

17. 使用.NET和C＃的DICOM基礎知識-了解DICOM結構化報告

18. 使用.NET和C＃的DICOM基礎-了解打印操作

19. 使用.NET和C＃的DICOM基礎知識-了解Web的DICOM（QIDO-RS，WADO-RS，WADO-URI，STOW-RS和UPS-RS）

DICOM上的其他主題

1. DICOM基礎知識-HL7，DICOM和IHE如何結合在一起

2. DICOM基礎知識-FHIR和DICOM

3. DICOM基礎知識-了解DICOM符合性聲明

4. DICOM基礎知識-常規故障排除技巧和技巧

其他注意事項

對于DICOM編程系列中的Java教程，我使用了免費提供且易于使用的PixelMed Java DICOM庫。對于DICOM編程系列中的.NET教程，我使用了另一個免費的開源工具包，稱為Fellow Oak（fo-dicom）DICOM庫。盡管我喜歡這些實現，但您應該意識到，還有許多其他工具箱（例如dcm4che，DicomObjects和DCMTK在某些方面還算不錯甚至更好）。如果您愿意，那么您應該能夠輕松地與任何其他工具箱（開源或其他工具）一起使用，因為我在教程中解釋的許多與DICOM相關的概念都是由所有這些工具箱以某種形式實現的。

資源鏈接

我想提及的是，我在本教程系列中使用這些工具包絕不表示我對它們在生產應用程序中實現DICOM相關功能的正式認可。每種情況都是獨特的，只有您才能確定最適合您和您的最終用戶的最佳位置。要記住的另一件事是，我有關DICOM編程的系列文章也并不意味著是PixelMed工具包或Fellow Oak（fo-dicom）DICOM工具包的教程。我唯一的重點只是使用小而集中的代碼示例為程序員建立對DICOM概念的基本理解。因此，如果您的目標是學習如何深入使用這些特定的工具箱，那么我建議您與這些工具箱的作者或這些工具箱的任何聯機幫助頁面聯系，以獲取更多信息。

DICOM工具包

• PixelMed開源DICOM工具包
• Fellow Oak（fo-dicom）開源DICOM工具包
• Dcm4che開源DICOM工具包
• Dcmtk開源DICOM工具包
• 基于Web的Cornerstore.js基于Web的Image Viewer SDK（包括DICOM支持）

DICOM查看器和PACS應用程序

• Orthanc開源PACS查看器和服務器
• ClearCanvas開源PACS查看器和服務器
• RSNA的免費影像研究工具

其他DICOM和相關鏈接

• DICOM主頁
• HL7主站點
• IHE主頁
• DICOM標簽列表
• DICOM傳輸語法列表
• DICOM SOP類列表

免責聲明

我想對這些文章發表免責聲明。我不在DICOM標準委員會中任職。因此，我必須提醒您注意此處提供的信息，并在開始任何涉及該標準的項目之前最終參考該標準本身及其最新建議。有關該標準的更多信息，您可以在此處訪問其主要站點。

如果您對這些文章/教程有任何疑問或意見，請隨時給我發送電子郵件。請注意，由于工作和其他承諾，我可能不會立即與您聯系。

DICOM?是美國國家電氣制造商協會的注冊商標，其標準出版物涉及醫學信息的數字通信。HL7，七級健康和FHIR是七級國際的注冊商標。