Android多線程分析之二：Thread的實現

/**
 * Represents a command that can be executed. Often used to run code in a
 * different {@link Thread}.
 */
public interface Runnable {
    /**
     * Starts executing the active part of the class' code. This method is
     * called when a thread is started that has been created with a class which
     * implements {@code Runnable}.
     */
    public void run();
}

    /**
     * A representation of a thread's state. A given thread may only be in one
     * state at a time.
     */
    public enum State {
        /**
         * The thread has been created, but has never been started.
         */
        NEW,
        /**
         * The thread may be run.
         */
        RUNNABLE,
        /**
         * The thread is blocked and waiting for a lock.
         */
        BLOCKED,
        /**
         * The thread is waiting.
         */
        WAITING,
        /**
         * The thread is waiting for a specified amount of time.
         */
        TIMED_WAITING,
        /**
         * The thread has been terminated.
         */
        TERMINATED
    }

    volatile VMThread vmThread;
    volatile ThreadGroup group;
    volatile boolean daemon;    
    volatile String name;
    volatile int priority;
    volatile long stackSize;
    Runnable target;
    private static int count = 0;
    private long id;
    ThreadLocal.Values localValues;

    private void create(ThreadGroup group, Runnable runnable, String threadName, long stackSize) {
        Thread currentThread = Thread.currentThread();
        if (group == null) {
            group = currentThread.getThreadGroup();
        }

        if (group.isDestroyed()) {
            throw new IllegalThreadStateException("Group already destroyed");
        }

        this.group = group;

        synchronized (Thread.class) {
            id = ++Thread.count;
        }

        if (threadName == null) {
            this.name = "Thread-" + id;
        } else {
            this.name = threadName;
        }

        this.target = runnable;
        this.stackSize = stackSize;

        this.priority = currentThread.getPriority();

        this.contextClassLoader = currentThread.contextClassLoader;

        // Transfer over InheritableThreadLocals.
        if (currentThread.inheritableValues != null) {
            inheritableValues = new ThreadLocal.Values(currentThread.inheritableValues);
        }

        // add ourselves to our ThreadGroup of choice
        this.group.addThread(this);
    }

    public static Thread currentThread() {
        return VMThread.currentThread();
    }

static void Dalvik_java_lang_VMThread_currentThread(const u4* args,
    JValue* pResult)
{
    UNUSED_PARAMETER(args);

    RETURN_PTR(dvmThreadSelf()->threadObj);
}

Thread* dvmThreadSelf()
{
    return (Thread*) pthread_getspecific(gDvm.pthreadKeySelf);
}

    /* the java/lang/Thread that we are associated with */
    Object*     threadObj;

    /**
     * Called by the Thread constructor.
     */
    final void addThread(Thread thread) throws IllegalThreadStateException {
        synchronized (threadRefs) {
            if (isDestroyed) {
                throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
            }
            threadRefs.add(new WeakReference<Thread>(thread));
        }
    }

public synchronized void start() {

        if (hasBeenStarted) {
            throw new IllegalThreadStateException("Thread already started."); // TODO Externalize?
        }

        hasBeenStarted = true;

        VMThread.create(this, stackSize);
    }
}

static void Dalvik_java_lang_VMThread_create(const u4* args, JValue* pResult)
{
    Object* threadObj = (Object*) args[0];
    s8 stackSize = GET_ARG_LONG(args, 1);

    /* copying collector will pin threadObj for us since it was an argument */
    dvmCreateInterpThread(threadObj, (int) stackSize);
    RETURN_VOID();
}
dvmCreateInterpThread 的實現在 Thread.cpp 中，由于這個函數的內容很長，在這里只列出關鍵的地方：

bool dvmCreateInterpThread(Object* threadObj, int reqStackSize)
{
    Thread* self = dvmThreadSelf();
    ...
    Thread* newThread = allocThread(stackSize); 
    newThread->threadObj = threadObj;
    ...
    Object* vmThreadObj = dvmAllocObject(gDvm.classJavaLangVMThread, ALLOC_DEFAULT);
    dvmSetFieldInt(vmThreadObj, gDvm.offJavaLangVMThread_vmData, (u4)newThread);
    dvmSetFieldObject(threadObj, gDvm.offJavaLangThread_vmThread, vmThreadObj);
    ...
    pthread_t threadHandle;
    int cc = pthread_create(&threadHandle, &threadAttr, interpThreadStart, newThread);

    /*
     * Tell the new thread to start.
     *
     * We must hold the thread list lock before messing with another thread.
     * In the general case we would also need to verify that newThread was
     * still in the thread list, but in our case the thread has not started
     * executing user code and therefore has not had a chance to exit.
     *
     * We move it to VMWAIT, and it then shifts itself to RUNNING, which
     * comes with a suspend-pending check.
     */
    dvmLockThreadList(self);

    assert(newThread->status == THREAD_STARTING);
    newThread->status = THREAD_VMWAIT;
    pthread_cond_broadcast(&gDvm.threadStartCond);

    dvmUnlockThreadList();
    ...
}

/*
 * Alloc and initialize a Thread struct.
 *
 * Does not create any objects, just stuff on the system (malloc) heap.
 */
static Thread* allocThread(int interpStackSize)
{
    Thread* thread;
    thread = (Thread*) calloc(1, sizeof(Thread));
    ...
    thread->status = THREAD_INITIALIZING;
}

/*
 * pthread entry function for threads started from interpreted code.
 */
static void* interpThreadStart(void* arg)
{
    Thread* self = (Thread*) arg;

    std::string threadName(dvmGetThreadName(self));
    setThreadName(threadName.c_str());

    /*
     * Finish initializing the Thread struct.
     */
    dvmLockThreadList(self);
    prepareThread(self);

    while (self->status != THREAD_VMWAIT)
        pthread_cond_wait(&gDvm.threadStartCond, &gDvm.threadListLock);

    dvmUnlockThreadList();

    /*
     * Add a JNI context.
     */
    self->jniEnv = dvmCreateJNIEnv(self);

    /*
     * Change our state so the GC will wait for us from now on.  If a GC is
     * in progress this call will suspend us.
     */
    dvmChangeStatus(self, THREAD_RUNNING);

    /*
     * Execute the "run" method.
     *
     * At this point our stack is empty, so somebody who comes looking for
     * stack traces right now won't have much to look at.  This is normal.
     */
    Method* run = self->threadObj->clazz->vtable[gDvm.voffJavaLangThread_run];
    JValue unused;

    ALOGV("threadid=%d: calling run()", self->threadId);
    assert(strcmp(run->name, "run") == 0);
    dvmCallMethod(self, run, self->threadObj, &unused);
    ALOGV("threadid=%d: exiting", self->threadId);

    /*
     * Remove the thread from various lists, report its death, and free
     * its resources.
     */
    dvmDetachCurrentThread();

    return NULL;
}

/*
 * Finish initialization of a Thread struct.
 *
 * This must be called while executing in the new thread, but before the
 * thread is added to the thread list.
 *
 * NOTE: The threadListLock must be held by the caller (needed for
 * assignThreadId()).
 */
static bool prepareThread(Thread* thread)
{
    assignThreadId(thread);
    thread->handle = pthread_self();
    thread->systemTid = dvmGetSysThreadId();

    setThreadSelf(thread);
    ...

    return true;
}

/*
 * Explore our sense of self.  Stuffs the thread pointer into TLS.
 */
static void setThreadSelf(Thread* thread)
{
    int cc;

    cc = pthread_setspecific(gDvm.pthreadKeySelf, thread);
    ...
}

    public void run() {
        if (target != null) {
            target.run();
        }
    }

    public void run() {
        mTid = Process.myTid();
        Looper.prepare();
        synchronized (this) {
            mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
            notifyAll();
        }
        Process.setThreadPriority(mPriority);
        onLooperPrepared();
        Looper.loop();
        mTid = -1;
    }

/*
 * Detach the thread from the various data structures, notify other threads
 * that are waiting to "join" it, and free up all heap-allocated storage.
 * /
void dvmDetachCurrentThread()
{
    Thread* self = dvmThreadSelf();
    Object* vmThread;
    Object* group;
    ...
    group = dvmGetFieldObject(self->threadObj, gDvm.offJavaLangThread_group);

    /*
     * Remove the thread from the thread group.
     */
    if (group != NULL) {
        Method* removeThread =
            group->clazz->vtable[gDvm.voffJavaLangThreadGroup_removeThread];
        JValue unused;
        dvmCallMethod(self, removeThread, group, &unused, self->threadObj);
    }

    /*
     * Clear the vmThread reference in the Thread object.  Interpreted code
     * will now see that this Thread is not running.  As this may be the
     * only reference to the VMThread object that the VM knows about, we
     * have to create an internal reference to it first.
     */
    vmThread = dvmGetFieldObject(self->threadObj,
                    gDvm.offJavaLangThread_vmThread);
    dvmAddTrackedAlloc(vmThread, self);
    dvmSetFieldObject(self->threadObj, gDvm.offJavaLangThread_vmThread, NULL);

    /* clear out our struct Thread pointer, since it's going away */
    dvmSetFieldObject(vmThread, gDvm.offJavaLangVMThread_vmData, NULL);

    ...

    /*
     * Thread.join() is implemented as an Object.wait() on the VMThread
     * object.  Signal anyone who is waiting.
     */
    dvmLockObject(self, vmThread);
    dvmObjectNotifyAll(self, vmThread);
    dvmUnlockObject(self, vmThread);

    dvmReleaseTrackedAlloc(vmThread, self);
    vmThread = NULL;

    ...

    dvmLockThreadList(self);

    /*
     * Lose the JNI context.
     */
    dvmDestroyJNIEnv(self->jniEnv);
    self->jniEnv = NULL;

    self->status = THREAD_ZOMBIE;

    /*
     * Remove ourselves from the internal thread list.
     */
    unlinkThread(self);

    ...

    releaseThreadId(self);
    dvmUnlockThreadList();

    setThreadSelf(NULL);

    freeThread(self);
}

/*
 * Free a Thread struct, and all the stuff allocated within.
 */
static void freeThread(Thread* thread)
{
    ...
    free(thread);
}