CREATE [OR REPLACE] TRIGGER trigger_name
{BEFORE | AFTER }
{INSERT | DELETE | UPDATE [OF column [, column …]]}
[OR {INSERT | DELETE | UPDATE [OF column [, column …]]}...]
ON [schema.]table_name | [schema.]view_name 
[REFERENCING {OLD [AS] old | NEW [AS] new| PARENT as parent}]
[FOR EACH ROW ]
[WHEN condition]
PL/SQL_BLOCK | CALL procedure_name;

BEFORE INSERT
BEFORE INSERT FOR EACH ROW
AFTER INSERT
AFTER INSERT FOR EACH ROW
 

BEFORE UPDATE
BEFORE UPDATE FOR EACH ROW
AFTER UPDATE
AFTER UPDATE FOR EACH ROW
 

BEFORE DELETE
BEFORE DELETE FOR EACH ROW
AFTER DELETE
AFTER DELETE FOR EACH ROW 

CREATE TABLE emp_his AS SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE 1=2; 
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER tr_del_emp 
   BEFORE DELETE --指定觸發(fā)時(shí)機(jī)為刪除操作前觸發(fā)
   ON scott.emp 
   FOR EACH ROW   --說(shuō)明創(chuàng)建的是行級(jí)觸發(fā)器 
BEGIN
   --將修改前數(shù)據(jù)插入到日志記錄表 del_emp ,以供監(jiān)督使用。
   INSERT INTO emp_his(deptno , empno, ename , job ,mgr , sal , comm , hiredate )
       VALUES( :old.deptno, :old.empno, :old.ename , :old.job,:old.mgr, :old.sal, :old.comm, :old.hiredate );
END;
DELETE emp WHERE empno=7788;
DROP TABLE emp_his;
DROP TRIGGER del_emp;

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER tr_dept_time
BEFORE INSERT OR DELETE OR UPDATE 
ON departments
BEGIN
 IF (TO_CHAR(sysdate,'DAY') IN ('星期六', '星期日')) OR (TO_CHAR(sysdate, 'HH24:MI') NOT BETWEEN '08:30' AND '18:00') THEN
     RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, '不是上班時(shí)間，不能修改departments表');
 END IF;
END;

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER tr_emp_sal_comm
BEFORE UPDATE OF salary, commission_pct
       OR DELETE
ON HR.employees
FOR EACH ROW
WHEN (old.department_id = 80)
BEGIN
 CASE
     WHEN UPDATING ('salary') THEN
        IF :NEW.salary < :old.salary THEN

           RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, '部門80的人員的工資不能降');
        END IF;
     WHEN UPDATING ('commission_pct') THEN

        IF :NEW.commission_pct < :old.commission_pct THEN
           RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, '部門80的人員的獎(jiǎng)金不能降');
        END IF;
     WHEN DELETING THEN
          RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20003, '不能刪除部門80的人員記錄');
     END CASE;
END; 

/*
實(shí)例：
UPDATE employees SET salary = 8000 WHERE employee_id = 177;
DELETE FROM employees WHERE employee_id in (177,170);
*/

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER tr_reg_cou
AFTER update OF region_id
ON regions
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('舊的region_id值是'||:old.region_id
                  ||'、新的region_id值是'||:new.region_id);
 UPDATE countries SET region_id = :new.region_id
 WHERE region_id = :old.region_id;
END;

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE add_job_history
 ( p_emp_id          job_history.employee_id%type
   , p_start_date      job_history.start_date%type
  , p_end_date        job_history.end_date%type
   , p_job_id          job_history.job_id%type
   , p_department_id   job_history.department_id%type
   )
IS
BEGIN
 INSERT INTO job_history (employee_id, start_date, end_date,
                           job_id, department_id)
  VALUES(p_emp_id, p_start_date, p_end_date, p_job_id, p_department_id);
END add_job_history;

--創(chuàng)建觸發(fā)器調(diào)用存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程...
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER update_job_history
 AFTER UPDATE OF job_id, department_id ON employees
 FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
 add_job_history(:old.employee_id, :old.hire_date, sysdate,
                  :old.job_id, :old.department_id);
END;

CREATE [OR REPLACE] TRIGGER trigger_name
INSTEAD OF
{INSERT | DELETE | UPDATE [OF column [, column …]]}
[OR {INSERT | DELETE | UPDATE [OF column [, column …]]}...]
ON [schema.] view_name --只能定義在視圖上
[REFERENCING {OLD [AS] old | NEW [AS] new| PARENT as parent}]
[FOR EACH ROW ] --因?yàn)镮NSTEAD OF觸發(fā)器只能在行級(jí)上觸發(fā),所以沒(méi)有必要指定
[WHEN condition]
PL/SQL_block | CALL procedure_name;

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW emp_view AS 
SELECT deptno, count(*) total_employeer, sum(sal) total_salary 
FROM emp GROUP BY deptno;

SQL>DELETE FROM emp_view WHERE deptno=10;
DELETE FROM emp_view WHERE deptno=10

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER emp_view_delete
   INSTEAD OF DELETE ON emp_view FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
   DELETE FROM emp WHERE deptno= :old.deptno;
END emp_view_delete; 

DELETE FROM emp_view WHERE deptno=10; 

DROP TRIGGER emp_view_delete;

DROP VIEW emp_view; 

CREATE OR REPLACE FORCE VIEW "HR"."V_REG_COU" ("R_ID", "R_NAME", "C_ID", "C_NAME")
AS
 SELECT r.region_id,
    r.region_name,
    c.country_id,
    c.country_name
 FROM regions r,
    countries c
 WHERE r.region_id = c.region_id;

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER "HR"."TR_I_O_REG_COU" INSTEAD OF
 INSERT ON v_reg_cou FOR EACH ROW DECLARE v_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
 SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_count FROM regions WHERE region_id = :new.r_id;
 IF v_count = 0 THEN
    INSERT INTO regions
      (region_id, region_name
      ) VALUES
      (:new.r_id, :new.r_name
      );
 END IF;

 SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_count FROM countries WHERE country_id = :new.c_id;
 IF v_count = 0 THEN
    INSERT
    INTO countries
      (
        country_id,
        country_name,
        region_id
      )
      VALUES
      (
        :new.c_id,
        :new.c_name,
        :new.r_id
      );
 END IF;
END;

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER [sachema.]trigger_name
{BEFORE|AFTER} 
{ddl_event_list | database_event_list}
ON { DATABASE | [schema.]SCHEMA }
[WHEN condition]
PL/SQL_block | CALL procedure_name;

DESC ora_sysevent
DESC ora_login_user

--創(chuàng)建用于記錄事件用的表

CREATE TABLE ddl_event
(crt_date timestamp PRIMARY KEY,
 event_name VARCHAR2(20), 
 user_name VARCHAR2(10),
 obj_type VARCHAR2(20),
 obj_name VARCHAR2(20));

--創(chuàng)建觸犯發(fā)器
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER tr_ddl
AFTER DDL ON SCHEMA
BEGIN
   INSERT INTO ddl_event VALUES
   (systimestamp,ora_sysevent, ora_login_user, 
    ora_dict_obj_type, ora_dict_obj_name);
END tr_ddl;

CREATE TABLE log_event
(user_name VARCHAR2(10),
 address VARCHAR2(20), 
 logon_date timestamp,
 logoff_date timestamp); 

--創(chuàng)建登錄觸發(fā)器
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER tr_logon
AFTER LOGON ON DATABASE
BEGIN
   INSERT INTO log_event (user_name, address, logon_date)
   VALUES (ora_login_user, ora_client_ip_address, systimestamp);
END tr_logon;
--創(chuàng)建退出觸發(fā)器
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER tr_logoff
BEFORE LOGOFF ON DATABASE
BEGIN
   INSERT INTO log_event (user_name, address, logoff_date)
   VALUES (ora_login_user, ora_client_ip_address, systimestamp);
END tr_logoff;

ALTER TRIGGER [schema.] trigger_name COMPILE [ DEBUG]

DROP TRIGGER trigger_name;

ALTER TIGGER trigger_name [DISABLE | ENABLE ];

--例：ALTER TRIGGER emp_view_delete DISABLE;

ALTER TABLE [schema.]table_name {ENABLE|DISABLE} ALL TRIGGERS;
--例：使表EMP 上的所有TRIGGER 失效：
ALTER TABLE emp DISABLE ALL TRIGGERS; 

 SELECT TRIGGER_NAME, TRIGGER_TYPE, TRIGGERING_EVENT,
 TABLE_OWNER, BASE_OBJECT_TYPE, REFERENCING_NAMES,
 STATUS, ACTION_TYPE
 FROM user_triggers;

CREATE TABLE dept_summary(
 Deptno NUMBER(2),
 Sal_sum NUMBER(9, 2),
 Emp_count NUMBER); 

INSERT INTO dept_summary(deptno, sal_sum, emp_count)
 SELECT deptno, SUM(sal), COUNT(*) 
FROM emp 
GROUP BY deptno;

--創(chuàng)建一個(gè)PL/SQL過(guò)程disp_dept_summary
--在觸發(fā)器中調(diào)用該過(guò)程顯示dept_summary標(biāo)中的數(shù)據(jù)。
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE disp_dept_summary
IS
 Rec dept_summary%ROWTYPE;
 CURSOR c1 IS SELECT * FROM dept_summary;
BEGIN
 OPEN c1;
 FETCH c1 INTO REC;
 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('deptno    sal_sum    emp_count');
 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('-------------------------------------');
 WHILE c1%FOUND LOOP
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(RPAD(rec.deptno, 6)||
      To_char(rec.sal_sum, '$999,999.99')||
      LPAD(rec.emp_count, 13));
    FETCH c1 INTO rec;
 END LOOP;
 CLOSE c1;
END;
BEGIN
 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('插入前');
 Disp_dept_summary();
 DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT('
    CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trig1
      AFTER INSERT OR DELETE OR UPDATE OF sal ON emp
    BEGIN
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(''正在執(zhí)行trig1 觸發(fā)器…'');
      DELETE FROM dept_summary;
      INSERT INTO dept_summary(deptno, sal_sum, emp_count)
      SELECT deptno, SUM(sal), COUNT(*) 
      FROM emp GROUP BY deptno;
    END;
 ');


 INSERT INTO dept(deptno, dname, loc) 
 VALUES(90, ‘demo_dept’, ‘none_loc’);
 INSERT INTO emp(ename, deptno, empno, sal)
 VALUES(USER, 90, 9999, 3000);

 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('插入后');
 Disp_dept_summary();

 UPDATE emp SET sal=1000 WHERE empno=9999;
 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('修改后');
 Disp_dept_summary();

 DELETE FROM emp WHERE empno=9999;
 DELETE FROM dept WHERE deptno=90;

 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('刪除后');
 Disp_dept_summary(); 
 DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT(‘DROP TRIGGER trig1’);
EXCEPTION
   WHEN OTHERS THEN
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLCODE||'---'||SQLERRM);

END;

BEGIN
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('插入前');
  Disp_dept_summary();
  DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT(
    'CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trig2_update
      AFTER UPDATE OF sal ON emp
      REFERENCING OLD AS old_emp NEW AS new_emp
      FOR EACH ROW
      WHEN (old_emp.sal != new_emp.sal)
    BEGIN
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(''正在執(zhí)行trig2_update 觸發(fā)器…'');
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(''sal 舊值：''|| :old_emp.sal);
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(''sal 新值：''|| :new_emp.sal);
      UPDATE dept_summary
        SET sal_sum=sal_sum + :new_emp.sal - :old_emp.sal
        WHERE deptno = :new_emp.deptno;
    END;'
  );
  
  DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT(
    'CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trig2_insert
      AFTER INSERT ON emp
      REFERENCING NEW AS new_emp
      FOR EACH ROW
    DECLARE
      I NUMBER;
    BEGIN
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(''正在執(zhí)行trig2_insert 觸發(fā)器…'');
      SELECT COUNT(*) INTO I 
      FROM dept_summary WHERE deptno = :new_emp.deptno;
      IF I > 0 THEN
        UPDATE dept_summary 
        SET sal_sum=sal_sum+:new_emp.sal,
        Emp_count=emp_count+1
        WHERE deptno = :new_emp.deptno;
      ELSE
        INSERT INTO dept_summary
        VALUES (:new_emp.deptno, :new_emp.sal, 1);
      END IF;
    END;'
  );

  DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT(
    'CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trig2_delete
      AFTER DELETE ON emp
      REFERENCING OLD AS old_emp
      FOR EACH ROW
    DECLARE
      I NUMBER;
    BEGIN
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(''正在執(zhí)行trig2_delete 觸發(fā)器…'');
      SELECT emp_count INTO I 
      FROM dept_summary WHERE deptno = :old_emp.deptno;
      IF I >1 THEN
        UPDATE dept_summary 
        SET sal_sum=sal_sum - :old_emp.sal,
        Emp_count=emp_count - 1
        WHERE deptno = :old_emp.deptno;
      ELSE
        DELETE FROM dept_summary WHERE deptno = :old_emp.deptno;
      END IF;
    END;'
  );

  INSERT INTO dept(deptno, dname, loc) 
    VALUES(90, 'demo_dept', 'none_loc');
  INSERT INTO emp(ename, deptno, empno, sal)
    VALUES(USER, 90, 9999, 3000);
  INSERT INTO emp(ename, deptno, empno, sal)
    VALUES(USER, 90, 9998, 2000);
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('插入后');
  Disp_dept_summary();

  UPDATE emp SET sal = sal*1.1 WHERE deptno=90;
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('修改后');
  Disp_dept_summary();

  DELETE FROM emp WHERE deptno=90;
  DELETE FROM dept WHERE deptno=90;
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('刪除后');
  Disp_dept_summary();

  DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT('DROP TRIGGER trig2_update');
  DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT('DROP TRIGGER trig2_insert');
  DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT('DROP TRIGGER trig2_delete');
EXCEPTION
   WHEN OTHERS THEN
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLCODE||'---'||SQLERRM);
END;

BEGIN
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('插入前');
    Disp_dept_summary();
    DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT(
        'CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trig2
            AFTER INSERT OR DELETE OR UPDATE OF sal
ON emp
            REFERENCING OLD AS old_emp NEW AS new_emp
            FOR EACH ROW
        DECLARE
            I NUMBER;
        BEGIN
            IF UPDATING AND :old_emp.sal != :new_emp.sal THEN
            DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(''正在執(zhí)行trig2 觸發(fā)器…'');
                DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(''sal 舊值：''|| :old_emp.sal);
                DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(''sal 新值：''|| :new_emp.sal);
                UPDATE dept_summary
                    SET sal_sum=sal_sum + :new_emp.sal - :old_emp.sal
                WHERE deptno = :new_emp.deptno;
            ELSIF INSERTING THEN
                DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(''正在執(zhí)行trig2觸發(fā)器…'');
                SELECT COUNT(*) INTO I 
        FROM dept_summary 
        WHERE deptno = :new_emp.deptno;
                IF I > 0 THEN
                    UPDATE dept_summary 
          SET sal_sum=sal_sum+:new_emp.sal,
              Emp_count=emp_count+1
          WHERE deptno = :new_emp.deptno;
            ELSE
          INSERT INTO dept_summary
            VALUES (:new_emp.deptno, :new_emp.sal, 1);
        END IF;
      ELSE
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(''正在執(zhí)行trig2觸發(fā)器…'');
        SELECT emp_count INTO I 
        FROM dept_summary WHERE deptno = :old_emp.deptno;
      IF I > 1 THEN
        UPDATE dept_summary 
        SET sal_sum=sal_sum - :old_emp.sal,
        Emp_count=emp_count - 1
        WHERE deptno = :old_emp.deptno;
      ELSE
          DELETE FROM dept_summary 
          WHERE deptno = :old_emp.deptno;
      END IF;
    END IF;
    END;'
  );

  INSERT INTO dept(deptno, dname, loc) 
    VALUES(90, 'demo_dept', 'none_loc');
  INSERT INTO emp(ename, deptno, empno, sal)
    VALUES(USER, 90, 9999, 3000);
  INSERT INTO emp(ename, deptno, empno, sal)
    VALUES(USER, 90, 9998, 2000);
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('插入后');
  Disp_dept_summary();

  UPDATE emp SET sal = sal*1.1 WHERE deptno=90;
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('修改后');
  Disp_dept_summary();

  DELETE FROM emp WHERE deptno=90;
  DELETE FROM dept WHERE deptno=90;
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('刪除后');
  Disp_dept_summary();

  DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT('DROP TRIGGER trig2');
EXCEPTION
   WHEN OTHERS THEN
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLCODE||'---'||SQLERRM);
END;

DECLARE
    No NUMBER;
    Name VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
    DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT('
        CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myview AS
            SELECT empno, ename, ''E'' type FROM emp
            UNION
            SELECT dept.deptno, dname, ''D'' FROM dept
    ');
    -- 創(chuàng)建INSTEAD OF 觸發(fā)器trigger3;
    DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT('
        CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trig3
            INSTEAD OF INSERT ON myview
            REFERENCING NEW n
            FOR EACH ROW
        DECLARE
            Rows INTEGER;
        BEGIN
            DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(''正在執(zhí)行trig3觸發(fā)器…'');
            IF :n.type = ''D'' THEN
                SELECT COUNT(*) INTO rows
                    FROM dept WHERE deptno = :n.empno;
                IF rows = 0 THEN
                    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(''向dept表中插入數(shù)據(jù)…'');
                    INSERT INTO dept(deptno, dname, loc)
                        VALUES (:n.empno, :n.ename, ''none’’);
                ELSE
                    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(''編號(hào)為''|| :n.empno||
                     ''的部門已存在，插入操作失敗！'');
                 END IF;
            ELSE
                SELECT COUNT(*) INTO rows
                    FROM emp WHERE empno = :n.empno;
                IF rows = 0 THEN
                    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('’向emp表中插入數(shù)據(jù)…’’);
                    INSERT INTO emp(empno, ename)
                        VALUES(:n.empno, :n.ename);
                ELSE
                    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(''編號(hào)為''|| :n.empno||
                      ''的人員已存在，插入操作失敗!'');
                END IF;
            END IF;
        END;
    ');

    INSERT INTO myview VALUES (70, 'demo', 'D');
    INSERT INTO myview VALUES (9999, USER, 'E');
    SELECT deptno, dname INTO no, name FROM dept WHERE deptno=70;
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('員工編號(hào)：'||TO_CHAR(no)||'姓名：'||name);
    SELECT empno, ename INTO no, name FROM emp WHERE empno=9999;
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('部門編號(hào)：'||TO_CHAR(no)||'姓名：'||name);
  DELETE FROM emp WHERE empno=9999;
  DELETE FROM dept WHERE deptno=70;
    DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT('DROP TRIGGER trig3');
END;

BEGIN
    -- 創(chuàng)建用于記錄事件日志的數(shù)據(jù)表
    DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT('
        CREATE TABLE eventlog(
            Eventname VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL,
            Eventdate date default sysdate,
            Inst_num NUMBER NULL,
            Db_name VARCHAR2(50) NULL,
            Srv_error NUMBER NULL,
            Username VARCHAR2(30) NULL,
            Obj_type VARCHAR2(20) NULL,
            Obj_name VARCHAR2(30) NULL,
            Obj_owner VARCHAR2(30) NULL
        )
    ');

    -- 創(chuàng)建DDL觸發(fā)器trig4_ddl
    DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT('
        CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trig4_ddl
            AFTER CREATE OR ALTER OR DROP 
ON DATABASE
        DECLARE
            Event VARCHAR2(20);
            Typ VARCHAR2(20);
            Name VARCHAR2(30);
            Owner VARCHAR2(30);
        BEGIN
            -- 讀取DDL事件屬性
            Event := SYSEVENT;
            Typ := DICTIONARY_OBJ_TYPE;
            Name := DICTIONARY_OBJ_NAME;
            Owner := DICTIONARY_OBJ_OWNER;
            --將事件屬性插入到事件日志表中
            INSERT INTO scott.eventlog(eventname, obj_type, obj_name, obj_owner)
                VALUES(event, typ, name, owner);
        END;
    ');

    -- 創(chuàng)建LOGON、STARTUP和SERVERERROR 事件觸發(fā)器
    DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT('
        CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trig4_after
            AFTER LOGON OR STARTUP OR SERVERERROR 
      ON DATABASE
        DECLARE
            Event VARCHAR2(20);
            Instance NUMBER;
            Err_num NUMBER;
            Dbname VARCHAR2(50);
            User VARCHAR2(30);
        BEGIN
            Event := SYSEVENT;
            IF event = ''LOGON'' THEN
                User := LOGIN_USER;
                INSERT INTO eventlog(eventname, username)
                    VALUES(event, user);
            ELSIF event = ''SERVERERROR'' THEN
                Err_num := SERVER_ERROR(1);
                INSERT INTO eventlog(eventname, srv_error)
                    VALUES(event, err_num);
            ELSE
                Instance := INSTANCE_NUM;
                Dbname := DATABASE_NAME;
                INSERT INTO eventlog(eventname, inst_num, db_name)
                    VALUES(event, instance, dbname);
      END IF;
    END;
  ');

  -- 創(chuàng)建LOGOFF和SHUTDOWN 事件觸發(fā)器
  DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT('
    CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trig4_before
      BEFORE LOGOFF OR SHUTDOWN 
      ON DATABASE
    DECLARE
      Event VARCHAR2(20);
      Instance NUMBER;
      Dbname VARCHAR2(50);
      User VARCHAR2(30);
    BEGIN
      Event := SYSEVENT;
      IF event = ''LOGOFF'' THEN
        User := LOGIN_USER;
        INSERT INTO eventlog(eventname, username)
          VALUES(event, user);
      ELSE
        Instance := INSTANCE_NUM;
        Dbname := DATABASE_NAME;
        INSERT INTO eventlog(eventname, inst_num, db_name)
          VALUES(event, instance, dbname);
      END IF;
    END;
  ');
END;

CREATE TABLE mydata(mydate NUMBER);
CONNECT SCOTT/TIGER

COL eventname FORMAT A10
COL eventdate FORMAT A12
COL username FORMAT A10
COL obj_type FORMAT A15
COL obj_name FORMAT A15
COL obj_owner FORMAT A10
SELECT eventname, eventdate, obj_type, obj_name, obj_owner, username, Srv_error
  FROM eventlog;

DROP TRIGGER trig4_ddl;
DROP TRIGGER trig4_before;
DROP TRIGGER trig4_after;
DROP TABLE eventlog;
DROP TABLE mydata;

CREATE TABLE audit_table(
    Audit_id     NUMBER,
    User_name VARCHAR2(20),
    Now_time DATE,
    Terminal_name VARCHAR2(10),
    Table_name VARCHAR2(10),
    Action_name VARCHAR2(10),
    Emp_id NUMBER(4));

CREATE TABLE audit_table_val(
    Audit_id NUMBER,
    Column_name VARCHAR2(10),
    Old_val NUMBER(7,2),
    New_val NUMBER(7,2));

CREATE SEQUENCE audit_seq
    START WITH 1000
    INCREMENT BY 1
    NOMAXVALUE
    NOCYCLE NOCACHE;

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER audit_emp
    AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON emp
    FOR EACH ROW
DECLARE
    Time_now DATE;
    Terminal CHAR(10);
BEGIN 
    Time_now:=sysdate;
    Terminal:=USERENV('TERMINAL');
    IF INSERTING THEN
        INSERT INTO audit_table
    VALUES(audit_seq.NEXTVAL, user, time_now, 
           terminal, 'EMP', 'INSERT', :new.empno);
    ELSIF DELETING THEN
        INSERT INTO audit_table
    VALUES(audit_seq.NEXTVAL, user, time_now, 
           terminal, 'EMP', 'DELETE', :old.empno);
    ELSE
        INSERT INTO audit_table
    VALUES(audit_seq.NEXTVAL, user, time_now, 
           terminal, 'EMP', 'UPDATE', :old.empno);
        IF UPDATING('SAL') THEN
            INSERT INTO audit_table_val
                VALUES(audit_seq.CURRVAL, 'SAL', :old.sal, :new.sal);
        ELSE UPDATING('DEPTNO') 
            INSERT INTO audit_table_val
                VALUES(audit_seq.CURRVAL, 'DEPTNO', :old.deptno, :new.deptno);
        END IF;
    END IF;
END;

CREATE SEQUENCE update_sequence 
    INCREMENT BY 1
    START WITH 1000
    MAXVALUE 5000 CYCLE;

ALTER TABLE emp
    ADD update_id NUMBER;

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE integritypackage AS
    Updateseq NUMBER;
END integritypackage;

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY integritypackage AS
END integritypackage;

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER dept_cascade1
    BEFORE UPDATE OF deptno ON dept
DECLARE 
    Dummy NUMBER;
BEGIN 
    SELECT update_sequence.NEXTVAL INTO dummy FROM dual;
    Integritypackage.updateseq:=dummy;
END;

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER dept_cascade2
    AFTER DELETE OR UPDATE OF deptno ON dept
    FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
    IF UPDATING THEN
        UPDATE emp SET deptno=:new.deptno, 
     update_id=integritypackage.updateseq
        WHERE emp.deptno=:old.deptno AND update_id IS NULL;
    END IF;
    IF DELETING THEN
        DELETE FROM emp
            WHERE emp.deptno=:old.deptno;
    END IF;
END;

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER dept_cascade3
    AFTER UPDATE OF deptno ON dept 
BEGIN
    UPDATE emp SET update_id=NULL
        WHERE update_id=integritypackage.updateseq;
END;

SELECT * FROM EMP ORDER BY DEPTNO;
UPDATE dept SET deptno=25 WHERE deptno=20;

CREATE TABLE company_holidays(day DATE);

INSERT INTO company_holidays 
    VALUES(sysdate);
INSERT INTO company_holidays 
VALUES(TO_DATE('21-10月-01', 'DD-MON-YY'));

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER emp_permit_change
    BEFORE INSERT OR DELETE OR UPDATE ON emp
DECLARE
    Dummy NUMBER;
    Not_on_weekends EXCEPTION;
    Not_on_holidays EXCEPTION;
    Not_working_hours EXCEPTION;
BEGIN
    /* check for weekends */
IF TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'DAY') IN ('星期六', '星期日') THEN
    RAISE not_on_weekends;
END IF;
    /* check for company holidays */
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO dummy FROM company_holidays
    WHERE TRUNC(day)=TRUNC(SYSDATE);
IF dummy >0 THEN
    RAISE not_on_holidays;
END IF;
    /* check for work hours(8:00 AM to 18:00 PM */
IF (TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'HH24')<8 OR TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'HH24')>18) THEN
  RAISE not_working_hours;
END IF;
EXCEPTION
  WHEN not_on_weekends THEN
    RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20324, 
'May not change employee table during the weekends'); 
  WHEN not_on_holidays THEN
    RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20325, 
'May not change employee table during a holiday'); 
  WHEN not_working_hours THEN
    RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20326, 
'May not change employee table during no_working hours'); 
END;