如何在Windows下開發(fā)輸入法：Mini How-to
RIME (中州韻輸入法引擎)是一個跨平臺的輸入法框架。基於這一框架，開發(fā)者們在Windows、macOS、Linux、Android等平臺上創(chuàng)造了不同的輸入法前端實現(xiàn)。
Weasel (小狼毫)是它的Windows版，從0.9.30到0.17.4版支持Windows XP SP3, 7, 8/8.1, 10, 11.
從github下載了最新版。里面有env.vs2022.bat, 2019.bat, Visual Studio 2022 (Version 17)的.sln，2015的.vcxproj.
AI說：開發(fā)IME (Input Method Editor)，當前推薦使用TSF而非傳統(tǒng)的IMM32實現(xiàn)?。Text Services Framework集成于Windows XP及后續(xù)中。??文本服務層?作為COM組件實現(xiàn)，提供鍵盤輸入、手寫識別、語音識別等功能。
SilverLight安否？它是微軟2007年推出的跨瀏覽器插件，用于網(wǎng)頁端富媒體（視頻、交互式應用等）的渲染和開發(fā)?。
Weasel依然用.def文件而不是dllexport（改錯：WeaselTSF目錄下7266行，ctffunc.h 3225行，TSF的頭文件）. 它是個導出下列符號的.dll:
ImeConversionList, ImeConfigure, ImeDestroy, ImeEscape, ImeInquire, ImeProcessKey, ImeSelect...
一個.dll如何成為輸入法？修改注冊表。要改HKCU\Keyboard Layout\Preload和HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Keyboard Layouts等處。
$ find -name '*' | xargs grep RegCreate
./WeaselSetup/imesetup.cpp: ret = RegCreateKey(hKey, hkl_str, &hSubKey);
./WeaselSetup/InstallOptionsDlg.h: ret = RegCreateKeyEx(rootKey, subpath, 0, NULL, 0,
const WCHAR KEYBOARD_LAYOUTS_KEY[] = L"SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Keyboard Layouts"; const WCHAR PRELOAD_KEY[] = L"Keyboard Layout\\Preload"; if (register_ime) { HKL hKL = ImmInstallIME(ime_path.c_str(), get_weasel_ime_name().c_str()); if (!hKL) { // manually register ime WCHAR hkl_str[16] = {0}; HKEY hKey; LSTATUS ret = RegOpenKey(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, KEYBOARD_LAYOUTS_KEY, &hKey); if (ret == ERROR_SUCCESS) { for (DWORD k = 0xE0200000 + (hant ? 0x0404 : 0x0804); k <= 0xE0FF0804; k += 0x10000) { StringCchPrintfW(hkl_str, _countof(hkl_str), L"%08X", k); HKEY hSubKey; ret = RegOpenKey(hKey, hkl_str, &hSubKey); if (ret == ERROR_SUCCESS) { WCHAR imeFile[32] = {0}; DWORD len = sizeof(imeFile); DWORD type = 0; ret = RegQueryValueEx(hSubKey, L"Ime File", NULL, &type, (LPBYTE)imeFile, &len); if (ret = ERROR_SUCCESS) { if (_wcsicmp(imeFile, L"weasel.ime") == 0) { hKL = (HKL)k; // already there } } RegCloseKey(hSubKey); } else { // found a spare number to register ret = RegCreateKey(hKey, hkl_str, &hSubKey); if (ret == ERROR_SUCCESS) { const WCHAR ime_file[] = L"weasel.ime"; RegSetValueEx(hSubKey, L"Ime File", 0, REG_SZ, (LPBYTE)ime_file, sizeof(ime_file)); const WCHAR layout_file[] = L"kbdus.dll"; RegSetValueEx(hSubKey, L"Layout File", 0, REG_SZ, (LPBYTE)layout_file, sizeof(layout_file)); const std::wstring layout_text = get_weasel_ime_name(); RegSetValueEx(hSubKey, L"Layout Text", 0, REG_SZ, (LPBYTE)layout_text.c_str(), layout_text.size() * sizeof(wchar_t)); RegCloseKey(hSubKey); hKL = (HKL)k; } break; } } RegCloseKey(hKey); } if (hKL) { HKEY hPreloadKey; ret = RegOpenKey(HKEY_CURRENT_USER, PRELOAD_KEY, &hPreloadKey); if (ret == ERROR_SUCCESS) { for (size_t i = 1; true; ++i) { std::wstring number = std::to_wstring(i); DWORD type = 0; WCHAR value[32]; DWORD len = sizeof(value); ret = RegQueryValueEx(hPreloadKey, number.c_str(), 0, &type, (LPBYTE)value, &len); if (ret != ERROR_SUCCESS) { RegSetValueEx(hPreloadKey, number.c_str(), 0, REG_SZ, (const BYTE*)hkl_str, (wcslen(hkl_str) + 1) * sizeof(WCHAR)); break; } } RegCloseKey(hPreloadKey); } } } if (!hKL) { DWORD dwErr = GetLastError(); WCHAR msg[100]; CString str; str.LoadStringW(IDS_STR_ERRREGIME); StringCchPrintfW(msg, _countof(msg), str, hKL, dwErr); MSG_NOT_SILENT_ID_CAP(silent, msg, IDS_STR_INSTALL_FAILED, MB_ICONERROR | MB_OK); return 1; } return 0; }
~/weasel-master/WeaselIME$ wc -l *.cpp *.h
26 dllmain.cpp
155 ime.cpp
267 KeyEvent.cpp
8 stdafx.cpp
566 WeaselIME.cpp
941 immdev.h
16 resource.h
21 stdafx.h
12 targetver.h
69 WeaselIME.h
2081 總計
/* immdev.h - Input Method Manager definitions for IME developers */
/* Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. */
很早以前，immdev.h, immdev.lib在DDK (Device Driver Development Kit)里，還帶區(qū)位等輸入法的源碼，后來好像挪進SDK里。
有頭文件，有dll，但是沒.lib. AI說：創(chuàng)建一個文本文件imm32.def，內(nèi)容如下：
EXPORTS
ImmGetDefaultIMEWnd
ImmInstallIMEA
...
打開適用于您Visual Studio版本的Developer Command Prompt，然后執(zhí)行命令：lib /def:imm32.def /out:imm32.lib /MACHINE:X64
微軟網(wǎng)站說：You can use LIB with the /DEF option to create an import library and an export file. LINK uses the export file to build a program that contains exports (usually a dynamic-link library (DLL)), and it uses the import library to resolve references to those exports in other programs.
嗯，① DLL的導入庫與靜態(tài)庫不同，后者包含全部代碼，前者只是存根。② 過去我總說“導出給別人用的導入庫”，別扭。
XP下Windows\SYSTEM32\imm32.dll一般為107KB （精簡版可能不同）。
So, 您面對的就是1000行程序，而已。（改錯：基本是外包層)
那些函數(shù)的文檔，微軟網(wǎng)站有：
This section describes the IMM API and explains how to use the functionality to create and manage IME windows. It includes the following sections:
- About Input Method Manager
- Using Input Method Manager
- Input Method Manager Reference
IME自己沒有消息循環(huán)，而是依賴宿主的。IME可以CreateWindow. WIN32 API.
GDI+通過設備上下文（DC）作為與硬件交互的橋梁，提供矢量圖形繪制、圖像處理、文本渲染等功能?。gdiplus.h gdiplus.lib
MFC應用程序啟動時，theApp對象首先被構(gòu)造，隨后程序進入AfxWinMain函數(shù)并最終調(diào)用CWinApp::Run()啟動主消息循環(huán)，使用::GetMessage()從線程消息隊列中獲取消息。
WPF應用程序啟動時，系統(tǒng)會自動創(chuàng)建一個UI主線程，并在其上運行消息循環(huán)。
~/weasel-master/WeaselUI$ wc -l *.cpp
278 DirectWriteResources.cpp
142 FullScreenLayout.cpp
361 GdiplusBlur.cpp
262 HorizontalLayout.cpp
124 Layout.cpp
395 StandardLayout.cpp
8 stdafx.cpp
239 VerticalLayout.cpp
602 VHorizontalLayout.cpp
1270 WeaselPanel.cpp
179 WeaselUI.cpp
3860 總計
看過本書，好像叫高級C/C++編譯技術(shù) Advanced C and C++ Compiling，寫得很好（沒說我看懂了）。
Linux下.a是為-static準備的；直接鏈接到.so
This package, x11proto-dev , provides development headers blah blah, and also provides a number of utility headers ... 沒有.so
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