安裝MySQL數據庫

 

安裝步驟介紹

本例采用MySQL二進制安裝包進行安裝演示

(1) 創建mysql用戶的賬號

 
  1. [root@mysql ~]# groupadd mysql
  2. [root@mysql ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql -M mysql
  3. [root@localhost ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd
  4. mysql:x:500:501::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
  5. [root@mysql ~]# id mysql
  6. uid=500(mysql) gid=501(mysql) groups=501(mysql)

(2)獲取MySQL二進制軟件包

百度云盤：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1hrBCzsC 
提取碼：4yjf

image_1ct4mm2th1rn64vh1ea8kjc9b12p.png-57.9kB
(3) 采用二進制方式安裝MySQL

  1. [root@mysql ~]# tar xf mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
  2. [root@mysql ~]# cd /usr/local/
  3. [root@mysql local]# mv mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64 mysql-5.5.32
  4. [root@mysql local]# ln -s mysql-5.5.32 mysql
  5. [root@mysql local]# ls
  6. bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec mysql mysql-5.5.32 sbin share src
  7. [root@mysql local]# cd /usr/local/mysql
  8. [root@mysql mysql]# ls
  9. bin data include lib mysql-test scripts sql-bench
  10. COPYING docs INSTALL-BINARY man README share support-files
  11. #提示：
  12. 二進制安裝包，僅需要解壓就可以了，不需要執行cmake/configure,make,make install等過程

（4）初始化MySQL配置文件my.cnf

 
  1. [root@mysql mysql]# ls -l support-files/*.cnf
  2. -rw-r--r--. 1 7161 wheel 4691 Jun 19 2013 support-files/my-huge.cnf
  3. -rw-r--r--. 1 7161 wheel 19759 Jun 19 2013 support-files/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
  4. -rw-r--r--. 1 7161 wheel 4665 Jun 19 2013 support-files/my-large.cnf
  5. -rw-r--r--. 1 7161 wheel 4676 Jun 19 2013 support-files/my-medium.cnf
  6. -rw-r--r--. 1 7161 wheel 2840 Jun 19 2013 support-files/my-small.cnf
  7. [root@mysql mysql]# /bin/cp support-files/my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf

提示： 
- support-files下有my.cnf的各種配置樣例。 
- 使用cp全路徑/bin/cp，可實現拷貝而不出現替換提示，即如果有重名文件會直接覆蓋 
- 本例為測試安裝環境，因此選擇參數配置小的my-small.cnf配置模版，如果是生產環境可以根據硬件選擇更高級的配置文件，上述配置文件模版對硬件的要求從低到高依次為

 
  1. my-medium.cnf (最低)
  2. my-small.cnf
  3. my-large.cnf
  4. my-huge.cnf
  5. my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf（最高）

（5）初始化MySQL數據庫文件 

初始化命令如下

 
  1. [root@mysql mysql]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/data
  2. [root@mysql mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
  3. [root@mysql mysql]# yum -y install libaio
  4. [root@mysql mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --user=mysql
  5. #初始化MySQL數據庫文件，會有很多信息提示，如果沒有ERROR級別的錯誤，會有兩個OK的字樣，表示初始化成功，否則就要解決初始化的問題
 

配置并啟動MySQL數據庫

（1）設置MySQL啟動腳本，命令如下

 
  1. [root@mysql mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
  2. #拷貝MySQL啟動腳本到MySQL的命令路徑
  3. [root@mysql mysql]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
  4. #使腳本可執行

（2）MySQL二進制默認安裝路徑是/usr/local/mysql，啟動腳本里是/usr/local/mysql。如果安裝路徑不同，那么腳本里路徑等都需要替換 
（3）啟動MySQL數據庫，命令如下：

 
  1. [root@mysql mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
  2. Starting MySQL... SUCCESS!
  3. [root@mysql mysql]# netstat -antup | grep mysql
  4. tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1347/mysqld

如果發現3306端口沒起來，請tail -100 /usr/local/mysql/data/主機名.err查看日志信息，看是否有報錯信息，然后根據相關錯誤提示進行調試。經常查看服務運行日志是個很好的習慣，也是高手的習慣。

（4）設置MySQL開機自啟動，命令如下：

  1. [root@mysql mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
  2. [root@mysql mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on
  3. [root@mysql mysql]# chkconfig --list mysqld
  4. mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

（5）配置mysql命令的全局使用路徑，命令如下：

 
  1. [root@mysql mysql]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
  2. [root@mysql mysql]# which mysqladmin
  3. /usr/local/bin/mysqladmin

（6）登陸MySQL測試，命令如下：

 
  1. [root@mysql mysql]# mysql
  2. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
  3. Your MySQL connection id is 1
  4. Server version: 5.5.32 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
  6. Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  8. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  9. affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  10. owners.
  12. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 

MySQL安全配置

（1）為MySQL的root用戶設置密碼，命令如下：

  1. [root@mysql mysql]# mysqladmin -uroot password '666666'
  2. [root@mysql mysql]# mysql -uroot -p666666
  3. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
  4. Your MySQL connection id is 4
  5. Server version: 5.5.32 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
  7. Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  9. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  10. affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  11. owners.
  13. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

（2）清理無用的MySQL用戶及庫，命令如下：

  1. mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
  2. +------+-----------+
  3. | user | host |
  4. +------+-----------+
  5. | root | 127.0.0.1 |
  6. | root | ::1 |
  7. | | localhost |
  8. | root | localhost |
  9. | | mysql |
  10. | root | mysql |
  11. +------+-----------+
  12. 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  14. mysql> drop user "root"@"::1";
  15. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  17. mysql> drop user ""@"localhost";
  18. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
  20. mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
  21. +------+-----------+
  22. | user | host |
  23. +------+-----------+
  24. | root | 127.0.0.1 |
  25. | root | localhost |
  26. | | mysql |
  27. | root | mysql |
  28. +------+-----------+
  29. 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 

安裝nginx

 

nginx的編譯安裝部署

  1. [root@nginx ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /media/cdrom/
  2. mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
  3. [root@nginx ~]# yum install -y pcre-devel openssl-devel
  4. #wget -q http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.10.2.tar.gz
  5. [root@nginx ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M www #創建程序用戶
  6. [root@nginx ~]# tar xf nginx-1.10.2.tar.gz -C /usr/src/ #解壓縮
  7. [root@nginx ~]# cd /usr/src/nginx-1.10.2
  8. [root@nginx nginx-1.10.2]# ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module #預配置
  9. [root@nginx nginx-1.10.2]# make && make install #編譯和安裝
  10. [root@nginx nginx-1.10.2]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/ #給命令做軟連接，以便PATH能找到
  11. [root@nginx nginx-1.10.2]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx #啟動nginx
 

配置nginx配置文件

  1. [root@nginx conf]# cat nginx.conf.default | egrep -v "#|^$" > nginx.conf
  2. [root@nginx conf]# vim nginx.conf
  3. [root@nginx conf]# cat nginx.conf
  4. worker_processes 1;
  5. events {
  6. worker_connections 1024;
  7. }
  8. http {
  9. include mime.types;
  10. default_type application/octet-stream;
  11. sendfile on;
  12. keepalive_timeout 65;
  13. server {
  14. listen 80;
  15. server_name www.yunjisuan.com;
  17. root /www;
  18. location / {
  19. index index.html index.htm;
  20. }
  21. error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
  22. location = /50x.html {
  23. root html;
  24. }
  25. }
  26. }
  28. # 檢查配置文件
  29. [root@nginx conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
  30. nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
  31. nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
  33. #加入映射文件
  34. [root@nginx conf]# echo "`hostname -I` www.yunjisuan.com" >> /etc/hosts
  35. [root@nginx conf]# cat /etc/hosts
  36. 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
  37. ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
  38. 192.168.200.20 www.yunjisuan.com
 

添加網頁

  1. [root@nginx conf]# mkdir /www
  2. [root@nginx conf]# echo "`hostname -I` www.yunjisuan.com" >> /www/index.html
  3. [root@nginx conf]# chown -R www.www /www/ #PHP的程序用戶也要弄成www
  4. [root@nginx conf]# curl www.yunjisuan.com
  5. 192.168.200.20 www.yunjisuan.com
 

安裝PHP

 

檢查安裝PHP所需的lib庫

PHP程序在開發及運行時會調用一些諸如zlib，gd等函數庫，因此需要確認lib庫是否已經安裝，執行過程如下：

 
  1. [root@PHP ~]# rpm -qa zlib-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel libiconv-devel
  2. [root@PHP ~]# rpm -qa freetype-devel libpng-devel gd libcurl-devel libxslt-devel

提示：

1)每個lib一般都會存在對應的以“*-devel”命名的包，安裝lib對應的-devel包后，對應的lib包就會自動安裝好，例如安裝gd-devel時就會安裝gd。 
2)這些lib庫不是必須安裝的，但是目前的企業環境下一般都需要安裝。否則，PHP程序運行時會出現問題，例如驗證碼無法顯示等。

執行下面命令安裝相關的lib軟件包

 
  1. [root@PHP ~]# yum -y install zlib-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel libiconv-devel
  2. [root@PHP ~]# yum -y install freetype-devel libpng-devel gd libcurl-devel libxslt-devel

安裝后的結果如下：

  1. [root@PHP ~]# rpm -qa zlib-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel libiconv-devel
  2. libxml2-devel-2.7.6-14.el6.x86_64
  3. zlib-devel-1.2.3-29.el6.x86_64
  4. libjpeg-turbo-devel-1.2.1-1.el6.x86_64
  5. #這里僅缺少libiconv-devel包
  6. [root@PHP ~]# rpm -qa freetype-devel libpng-devel gd libcurl-devel libxslt-devel
  7. libxslt-devel-1.1.26-2.el6_3.1.x86_64
  8. libcurl-devel-7.19.7-37.el6_4.x86_64
  9. libpng-devel-1.2.49-1.el6_2.x86_64
  10. gd-2.0.35-11.el6.x86_64
  11. freetype-devel-2.3.11-14.el6_3.1.x86_64

從以上結果看出，僅有libiconv-devel這個包沒有安裝，因為默認的yum源沒有此包，后面會編譯安裝。

 

安裝yum無法安裝的libiconv庫

 
  1. [root@PHP ~]# yum -y install wget
  2. [root@PHP ~]# wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
  3. [root@PHP ~]# ls
  4. anaconda-ks.cfg install.log install.log.syslog libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
  5. [root@PHP ~]# tar xf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
  6. [root@PHP ~]# cd /usr/src/libiconv-1.14/
  7. [root@PHP libiconv-1.14]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libiconv && make && make install
 

安裝libmcrypt庫

 
  1. 推薦使用簡單的在線yum的方式安裝：wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo
  2. [root@PHP libiconv-1.14]# yum -y install libmcrypt-devel
 

安裝mhash加密擴展庫

 
  1. 推薦使用簡單的在線yum的方式安裝：wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo
  2. [root@PHP ~]# yum -y install mhash
 

安裝mcrvpt加密擴展庫

  1. 推薦使用簡單的在線yum的方式安裝：wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo
  2. [root@PHP ~]# yum -y install mcrypt
 

開始安裝PHP（FastCGI方式）服務

 

獲取PHP軟件包

 
  1. [root@PHP ~]# wget http://cn2.php.net/get/php-5.3.28.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
 

解壓配置PHP

 
  1. [root@PHP ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M www
  2. [root@PHP ~]# id www
  3. uid=500(www) gid=500(www) groups=500(www)
  5. [root@PHP ~]# tar xf php-5.3.28.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
  6. [root@PHP ~]# cd /usr/src/php-5.3.28/
  7. [root@PHP php-5.3.28]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php5.3.28 --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local/libiconv --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fpm --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --enable-short-tags --enable-zend-multibyte --enable-static --with-xsl --with-fpm-user=www --with-fpm-group=www --enable-ftp

-devel是安裝前面命令有關的所有包 
yum install openssl openssl-devel 
執行上述命令后，最后的正確輸出提示為下圖 
image_1ct4rr0nc6ga48mokt164m1tg246.png-16.4kB

編譯PHP

正確執行前文配置PHP軟件的./configure系列命令后，就可以編譯PHP軟件了，具體操作過程如下：

 
  1. [root@PHP php-5.3.28]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib64/ #分離式不用這步
  2. [root@PHP php-5.3.28]# touch ext/phar/phar.phar #分離式不用這步
  3. [root@PHP php-5.3.28]# make # 直接編譯
  5. #make最后的正確提示
  6. Build complete.
  7. Don't forget to run 'make test'.
 

安裝PHP生成文件到系統

 
  1. [root@PHP php-5.3.28]# make install
 

配置PHP引擎配置文件php.ini

（1）設置軟鏈接以方便訪問，命令如下

 
  1. [root@PHP php-5.3.28]# ln -s /usr/local/php5.3.28/ /usr/local/php
  2. [root@PHP php-5.3.28]# ls -l /usr/local/php
  3. lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 21 Nov 25 23:30 /usr/local/php -> /usr/local/php5.3.28/

（2）查看PHP配置默認模版文件，命令如下

 
  1. [root@PHP php-5.3.28]# ls php.ini*
  2. php.ini-development php.ini-production

（3）拷貝PHP配置文件到PHP默認目錄，并更改文件名稱為php.ini，命令如下

 
  1. [root@PHP php-5.3.28]# cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
  2. [root@PHP php-5.3.28]# ls -l /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
  3. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 69627 Nov 25 23:32 /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
 

配置PHP（FastCGI方式）的配置文件php-fpm.conf

  1. [root@PHP php-5.3.28]# cd /usr/local/php/etc/
  2. [root@PHP etc]# ls
  3. pear.conf php-fpm.conf.default
  4. [root@PHP etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
  5. #修改配置文件就是修改一下監聽端口

image_1ct4t1b6t11cu9lels7145518r84j.png-21kB

 

啟動PHP服務（FastCGI方式）

（1）啟動PHP服務php-fpm，命令如下

 
  1. [root@PHP etc]# /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm

（2）檢查PHP服務php-fpm的進程及啟動端口的情況，命令如下：

 
  1. [root@PHP etc]# ps -ef | grep php-fpm
  2. root 30699 1 0 23:42 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php5.3.28/etc/php-fpm.conf)
  3. www 30700 30699 0 23:42 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
  4. www 30701 30699 0 23:42 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
  5. root 30716 1046 0 23:43 pts/0 00:00:00 grep php-fpm
  6. [root@PHP etc]# lsof -i:9000
  7. COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
  8. php-fpm 30699 root 7u IPv4 146919 0t0 TCP 192.168.200.30:cslistener (LISTEN)
  9. php-fpm 30700 www 0u IPv4 146919 0t0 TCP 192.168.200.30:cslistener (LISTEN)
  10. php-fpm 30701 www 0u IPv4 146919 0t0 TCP 192.168.200.30:cslistener (LISTEN)
 

配置Nginx支持PHP程序請求訪問

 

修改Nginx配置文件

  1. [root@nginx conf]# cat nginx.conf
  2. worker_processes 1;
  3. events {
  4. worker_connections 1024;
  5. }
  6. http {
  7. include mime.types;
  8. default_type application/octet-stream;
  9. sendfile on;
  10. keepalive_timeout 65;
  11. server {
  12. listen 80;
  13. server_name www.yunjisuan.com;
  15. root /www;
  16. location / {
  17. index index.html index.htm;
  18. }
  19. location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ {
  20. fastcgi_pass 192.168.200.30:9000;
  21. fastcgi_index index.php;
  22. include fastcgi.conf;
  24. }
  25. error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
  26. location = /50x.html {
  27. root html;
  28. }
  29. }
  30. }
  31. [root@nginx conf]# /usr/local/sbin/nginx -t
  32. nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
  33. nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
  34. [root@nginx conf]# /usr/local/sbin/nginx -s reload
 

測試

映射IP 
image_1ct4ueki4eods5irp964vb7650.png-14.8kB

image_1ct4uf6npbg910l9pq7d7218c55d.png-57.2kB

 

測試動態

 
  1. [root@nginx conf]# cd /www/
  2. [root@nginx www]# ls
  3. index.html
  4. [root@nginx www]# echo "huahua" > index.php
  5. [root@nginx www]# ls
  6. index.html index.php
  7. [root@PHP etc]# mkdir /www #php服務器里的目錄必須和nginx服務器的一致
  8. [root@PHP www]# touch index.php
  9. [root@PHP www]# echo "123" >> index.php
  10. [root@PHP www]# cat index.php
  11. 123

image_1ct4v04fp18rb1b0e1rno1t2i1rr78a.png-49.8kB

加入數據庫

 
  1. [root@mysql mysql]# mysql -uroot -p666666
  2. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
  3. Your MySQL connection id is 5
  4. Server version: 5.5.32 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
  6. Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  8. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  9. affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  10. owners.
  12. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
  14. mysql> grant all on *.* to 'yunjisuan'@'%' identified by '666666';
  15. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 

創建網頁

 
  1. #php上創建
  2. [root@PHP www]# cat test_mysql.php
  3. <?php
  4. //$link_id=mysql_connect('主機名','用戶','密碼');
  5. $link_id=mysql_connect('192.168.200.31','yunjisuan','666666');
  6. if($link_id){
  7. echo "mysql successful by hua !";
  8. }else{
  9. echo mysql_error();
  10. }
  11. ?>
  12. #nginx也要創建
 

測試

image_1ct51765g1j15apkhng9o31a6d8n.png-49.1kB