下載

wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

解壓移動

tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
mv /usr/local/mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

配置用戶與權限

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

創建配置文件

編輯/etc/my.cnf：

[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/log/mysql.err
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.pid
character-set-server=utf8mb4

需手動創建datadir和log目錄并授權

初始化數據庫

cd /usr/local/mysql
./bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql

使用--initialize-insecure允許空密碼登錄（密碼默認為空），安全場景建議用--initialize生成臨時密碼

服務配置

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
systemctl daemon-reload

啟動服務

service mysqld start

修改密碼

mysql -uroot --skip-password
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'NewPassword';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

允許遠程訪問

UPDATE mysql.user SET Host='%' WHERE User='root';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

驗證安裝

mysqladmin -V  # 查看版本
systemctl status mysqld  # 檢查服務狀態
netstat -ln | grep 3306  # 確認端口監聽