Python的.py文件打包成exe可執行文件
前幾天做了幾個簡單的爬蟲python程序,于是就想做個窗口看看效果。
首先是,窗口的話,以前沒怎么接觸過,就先考慮用Qt制作簡單的ui。這里用前面sinanews的爬蟲腳本為例,制作一個獲取當天sina頭條新聞的窗口。
生成py文件后,運行該py文件,這里窗口我只是隨便拖了幾個組件進去,主要的text browser用于顯示獲取到的sinanews。
首先貼一下我的配置(點擊即可官方下載): Python 3.3.3
PyQt5-5.2.1 for Py3.3(當安裝完Python3.3后,安裝對應PyQt,其會找到Python安裝目錄,不用更改安裝目錄)
Python3.3默認是沒有安裝pip的,需要下載get-pip.py運行之后,提示安裝成功。
接下來就要安裝一些必要的組件了。為了安裝方便,先把pip添加進環境變量。下面我們就可以用pip命令安裝組件了。
先把sina_news.py貼出來,觀察需要哪些組件。
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
res = requests.get('http://news.sina.com.cn/china/')
res.encoding = 'utf-8'
soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')
for news in soup.select('.news-item'):
if len(news.select('h2')) > 0:
h2 = news.select('h2')[0].text
a = news.select('a')[0]['href']
time = news.select('.time')[0].text
print(time,h2,a)
發現import requests,import BeautifulSoup 所以先來安裝這些組件
pip install requests
pip install BeautifulSoup4
當我們把這段代碼貼進窗口代碼后:
x.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'x.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.8.1
#
# WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost!
import sys
import requests
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
class Ui_x(object):
def getNews():
res = requests.get('http://news.sina.com.cn/china/')
res.encoding = 'utf-8'
soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')
title = []
for news in soup.select('.news-item'):
if len(news.select('h2')) > 0:
h2 = news.select('h2')[0].text
title.append(h2)
a = news.select('a')[0]['href']
time = news.select('.time')[0].text
return '\n'.join(title)
def setupUi(self, x):
x.setObjectName("x")
x.resize(841, 749)
self.timeEdit = QtWidgets.QTimeEdit(x)
self.timeEdit.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(310, 10, 141, 31))
self.timeEdit.setObjectName("timeEdit")
self.dateEdit = QtWidgets.QDateEdit(x)
self.dateEdit.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(100, 10, 191, 31))
self.dateEdit.setObjectName("dateEdit")
self.textBrowser = QtWidgets.QTextBrowser(x)
self.textBrowser.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(60, 80, 701, 641))
self.textBrowser.setObjectName("textBrowser")
self.retranslateUi(x)
QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(x)
def retranslateUi(self, x):
_translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
x.setWindowTitle(_translate("x", "x"))
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
Form = QtWidgets.QWidget()
ui = Ui_x()
ui.setupUi(Form)
Form.show()
ui.textBrowser.setText(Ui_x.getNews())
sys.exit(app.exec_())
如果前面順利的話,現在用python運行x.py應該能看到顯示的窗口。
下面就是打包的過程了,這里筆者用的Pyinstaller,沒有安裝的話,要安裝一下:
pip install pyinstaller
安裝完成后,cmd路徑cd到x.py所在目錄。打包命令:
Pyinstaller -w x.py
此時,在x.py便生成dist文件夾,打包的x.exe就在此文件夾下。雙擊x.exe顯示效果:

當然還有許多改進的地方,比如在上面選擇日期,獲得指定日期的頭條新聞。
筆者在這片博文主要介紹py文件的打包過程。
可能遇到的問題:
打開打包后的程序無法運行
顯示:
ImportError: No module named 'queue'
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 2, in <module>
File "c:\users\hasee\appdata\local\programs\python\python35-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "site-packages\requests\__init__.py", line 63, in <module>
File "c:\users\hasee\appdata\local\programs\python\python35-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "site-packages\requests\utils.py", line 24, in <module>
File "c:\users\hasee\appdata\local\programs\python\python35-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "site-packages\requests\_internal_utils.py", line 11, in <module>
File "c:\users\hasee\appdata\local\programs\python\python35-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "site-packages\requests\compat.py", line 11, in <module>
File "c:\users\hasee\appdata\local\programs\python\python35-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "site-packages\requests\packages\__init__.py", line 29, in <module>
ImportError: No module named 'urllib3'
Failed to execute script test
當然這個錯誤代碼,當時我沒有保留,這是版本不匹配造成的:
我的Pyinstaller為3.2


浙公網安備 33010602011771號