《Operating System Concepts》學習第 12 天，p87-p94 總結，總計 8 頁。

一、技術總結

1.Android

The Android operating system was designed by the Open Handset Alliance (led primarily by Google) and was developed for Android smartphones and tablet computers.

二、英語總結(生詞：6)

1.elaborate

(1)elaborate: e-("out, away") + labor("work")

vi. to explain sth that you have said(詳細說明，詳盡闡述)。

示例：This environment, also known as Darwin, includes the Mach microkernel and the BSD UNIX kernel. We will elaborate on Darwin shortly(《Operating System Concepts》第 88 頁)。

2.forego

(1)forego: fore-("before in time, rank, position") + go("go to")

vt. Forego literally means "to go before/to precede", and envolves to mean to give up or do without(放棄，在......之前)。

示例：Additionally, an application can forego frameworks entirely and communicate directly with the kernel environment(《Operating System Concepts》第 88 頁)。

3.aggressive

(1)aggress: ag-("toward") + gress("to step")

vi/vt. step toward or go toward someone, often with the intent to attack(挑釁，攻擊)。

(2)aggressive: aggress + -ive(word-forming element making adjectives from verbs)

adj. show anger and wiliingness to attack other people.

示例：Similarly, the iOS kernel has been modified somewhat to address specific features and needs of mobile systems, such as power management and aggressive memory management(《Operating System Concepts》第 88 頁)。

在上面這個例子中， aggressive 是一種比喻用法(figurative usage), 意思是“proactive(主動的，積極的)”。

4.stringent

(1)stringent: string(to bind(捆綁) or draw tight(拉緊)) + -ent(word-forming element making adjectives, indicating a state or quality)

adj. Stringent describes something that is extremely limited(嚴格的)。

示例：Additionally, iOS has more stringent security settings than macOS(《Operating System Concepts》第 88 頁)。

5.to name just a few

(1)說明

也寫作 to name but a few, to mention but a few。used when you are mentioning only a small number of people or things as examples of a large group

(2)示例

This is a feature of languages such as Arabic, Spanish and Portuguese, to name but a few.

6.extreme

(1)extreme: extremus(outermost, utmost, farthest)

c. the larget degree of sth

(2)at one extreme

“At one extreme” means at the extreme point(在某種極端情況下)。

關于英語的注解同步更新匯總到 https://github.com/codists/English-In-CS-Books 倉庫。

三、其它

英語中的比喻用戶有時候挺不好理解的，感覺也沒有好的解決辦法，就是多看，看多了才能更好的理解。

四、參考資料

1. 編程

(1) Abraham Silberschatz，Peter Baer Galvin，Greg Gagne《Operating System Concepts》：https://book.douban.com/subject/30272539/

2. 英語

(1) Etymology Dictionary：https://www.etymonline.com

(2) Cambridge Dictionary：https://dictionary.cambridge.org

歡迎搜索及關注：編程人(a_codists)