方法一：用版本號來區分

比如，開發環境上跑的服務版本是1.0.0，那么為了在本地打斷點調試某個服務，可以在本地啟動，將version設置為2.0.0

服務提供者

@DubboService(version = "2.0.0")
public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService {
    @Override
    public String sayHello(String name) {
        return "Hello, " + name;
    }
}

服務消費者

@DubboReference(version = "2.0.0")
private DemoService demoService;

方法二：直接指定提供者

@DubboReference(url = "dubbo://192.168.71.1:20880")
private DemoService demoService;

或者，啟動的時候，通過 -D 參數指定

java -jar Dcom.cjs.dubbo.demo.api.DemoService=dubbo://192.168.71.1:20880 xxx.jar

或者，通過文件映射指定

如果服務比較多，用 -Ddubbo.resolve.file 指定映射文件路徑

java -Ddubbo.resolve.file=xxx.properties xxx.jar

然后在映射文件 xxx.properties 中加入配置，其中 key 為服務名，value 為服務提供者 URL

com.cjs.dubbo.demo.api.DemoService=dubbo://192.168.71.1:20880
com.cjs.dubbo.demo.api.xxxService=dubbo://192.168.71.2:20880

 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>dubbo-demo</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
        <module>dubbo-demo-interface</module>
        <module>dubbo-demo-provider</module>
        <module>dubbo-demo-consumer</module>
    </modules>

    <properties>
        <!--<spring-boot.version>3.2.0</spring-boot.version>-->
        <!--SpringBoot 2.x和3.x版本都行-->
        <spring-boot.version>2.7.11</spring-boot.version>
        <dubbo.version>3.2.10</dubbo.version>

        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!-- Spring Boot -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>

            <!-- dubbo -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
                <artifactId>dubbo-bom</artifactId>
                <version>${dubbo.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
                <artifactId>dubbo-dependencies-zookeeper-curator5</artifactId>
                <version>${dubbo.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>
</project>

代碼地址：

https://gitee.com/chengjiansheng/cjs-dubbo-democ

參考：

https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/zh-cn/overview/mannual/java-sdk/advanced-features-and-usage/service/explicit-target/

https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/zh-cn/overview/mannual/java-sdk/advanced-features-and-usage/service/multi-versions/

https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/zh-cn/overview/mannual/java-sdk/advanced-features-and-usage/service/attachment/

https://cn.dubbo.apache.org/zh-cn/overview/tasks/observability/tracing/