Centos7 安裝Python3

一、linux安裝Python3

• 1.安裝相關依賴

[root@3f9 ~]# yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel gcc

• 2.官網下載Python源碼包

[root@3f9 ~]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.4/Python-3.6.4.tgz

• 3.創建安裝目錄

[root@3f9 ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/python3

• 4.解壓文件

[root@3f9 ~]# tar -zxvf Python-3.6.4.tgz

• 5.進入解壓目錄

[root@3f9 ~]# cd Python-3.6.4

• 6.配置

[root@3f9 Python-3.6.4]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --enable-shared --enable-optimizations

# --enable-shared啟用共享，方便其他依賴python的一些內置庫（比如 mysqlclient) 的資源的正常# 安裝，在pyinstaller python打包時，也需要開啟 --enable-shared
# --enable-optimizations是優化選項(LTO，PGO 等)加上這個 flag 編譯后，性能有 10% 左右的優化

• 7.編譯安裝

[root@3f9 Python-3.6.4]# make && make install

• 8.將python3加入環境變量

[root@3f9 ~]# vim ~/.bash_profile

# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
# 將python3的路徑加入此文件
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/python3/bin
export PATH

[root@3f9 ~]# source ~/.bash_profile

• 9.創建python3軟連接

[root@3f9 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3
[root@3f9 ~]# python -V

• 10.創建pip3軟連接，升級pip3

[root@3f9 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
[root@3f9 ~]# pip3 -V
[root@3f9 ~]# pip3 install --upgrade pip

二、問題

1.運行python3 -V報錯

python3: error while loading shared libraries: libpython3.6m.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

1. 將python3安裝目錄的lib目錄下的文件libpython3.6m.so.1.0復制到/usr/lib/目錄下
[root@3f9 ~]# cp /usr/local/python3/lib/libpython3.6m.so.1.0 /usr/lib/

2.將目錄/usr/lib/添加到/etc/ld.so.conf.d/目錄下的python3.6.conf文件中
[root@3f9 ~]# echo "/usr/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/python3.6.conf

3.刷新動態鏈接庫
[root@3f9 ~]# ldconfig