新浪微博開放平臺開發(fā)步驟簡介（適合新手看）

　　我也是個新手，也是第一次使用開放平臺做開發(fā)，剛開始感到無處下手，經(jīng)過半天的摸索終于成功的調(diào)用了API，現(xiàn)在把這點經(jīng)驗介紹給新手（高手就沒必要看了，當然，如果你能提些意見和建議，我感激不盡），愿同大家一起交流。

　　本例介紹的是如何用API提交數(shù)據(jù)（發(fā)布一條微博）和用API獲取數(shù)據(jù)（獲取最新更新的20條公共微博消息），也就是官方API中的“獲取下行數(shù)據(jù)集(timeline)接口”下的“statuses/public_timeline 獲取最新更新的公共微博消息”和“微博訪問接口”下的“statuses/update 發(fā)布一條微博信息”。

　　首先你要有一個新浪微博帳號，還要申請一個app key（具體請參考http://open.t.sina.com.cn/wiki/index.php/%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97），然后在VS中新建一個解決方案，在解決方案中添加一個類庫和一個網(wǎng)站，并添加引用（網(wǎng)站引用類庫）。

　　由于發(fā)布微博是POST請求，獲取數(shù)據(jù)是GET請求，且通過HTTP普通驗證(Basic Authentication)方式授權(quán)，因此我把這些功能寫在一個類中（放在類庫中），代碼如下（這個類參考了http://www.rzrgm.cn/cmt/archive/2010/05/13/1733904.html，沒有仔細考慮是否達到了通用）：

發(fā)送請求及授權(quán)代碼

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.IO;

namespace SinaMiniBlogLib
{
    public class SendRequest
    {
        string username;
        string password;
        string key;
        public string UsernamePassword
        {
            get { return username + ":" + password; }
        }

        #region 構(gòu)造函數(shù)
        public SendRequest()
        {
            username = "你的新浪微博帳號";
            password = "你的新浪微博密碼";
            key = "你申請的app key";
        }

        public SendRequest(string username, string password,string key)
        {
            this.username = username;
            this.password = password;
            this.key = key;
        }
        #endregion

        #region 發(fā)送GET請求
        /// <summary>
        /// 發(fā)送GET請求
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url">地址</param>
        /// <returns>string</returns>
        public string SendGetRequest(string url)
        {
            string Content=string.Empty;

            //準備用于發(fā)起請求的HttpWebRequest對象：
            WebRequest webRequest = WebRequest.Create(url+"?source="+key);
            HttpWebRequest httpRequest = webRequest as HttpWebRequest;

            //準備用于用戶驗證的憑據(jù)
            CredentialCache myCache = new CredentialCache();
            myCache.Add(new Uri(url), "Basic", new NetworkCredential(username, password));
            httpRequest.Credentials = myCache;
            httpRequest.Headers.Add("Authorization", "Basic " + Convert.ToBase64String(new System.Text.ASCIIEncoding().GetBytes(UsernamePassword)));
            
            //GET方法
            httpRequest.Method = "GET";
            HttpWebResponse httpRespone = (HttpWebResponse)httpRequest.GetResponse();
            if (httpRespone != null && httpRespone.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.OK)
            {
                using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(httpRespone.GetResponseStream()))  
                {
                    Content = sr.ReadToEnd();
                }
            }
            return Content;
        }
        #endregion

        #region 發(fā)送POST請求
        /// <summary>
        /// 發(fā)送POST請求
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url">網(wǎng)址</param>
        /// <param name="Content">內(nèi)容</param>
        /// <returns>string</returns>
        public string SendPostRequest(string url,string Content)
        {
            string result = string.Empty;

            //準備調(diào)用的URL及需要POST的數(shù)據(jù):
            string data = "source="+key+"&status=" + Content;

            //準備用于發(fā)起請求的HttpWebRequest對象：
            WebRequest webRequest = WebRequest.Create(url);
            HttpWebRequest httpRequest = webRequest as HttpWebRequest;

            //準備用于用戶驗證的憑據(jù)
            CredentialCache myCache = new CredentialCache();
            myCache.Add(new Uri(url), "Basic", new NetworkCredential(username, password));
            httpRequest.Credentials = myCache;
            httpRequest.Headers.Add("Authorization", "Basic " + Convert.ToBase64String(new System.Text.ASCIIEncoding().GetBytes(UsernamePassword)));

            //發(fā)起POST請求
            httpRequest.Method = "POST";
            httpRequest.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
            System.Text.Encoding encoding = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII;
            byte[] bytesToPost = encoding.GetBytes(data);
            httpRequest.ContentLength = bytesToPost.Length;
            System.IO.Stream requestStream = httpRequest.GetRequestStream();
            requestStream.Write(bytesToPost, 0, bytesToPost.Length);
            requestStream.Close();

            //獲取服務(wù)端的響應內(nèi)容
            System.Net.WebResponse wr = httpRequest.GetResponse();
            System.IO.Stream receiveStream = wr.GetResponseStream();
            using (System.IO.StreamReader reader = new System.IO.StreamReader(receiveStream, System.Text.Encoding.UTF8))
            {
                result = reader.ReadToEnd();
            }
            return result;
        }
        #endregion
    }
}

　　然后在類庫中新建兩個實體類status和user，字段與官方API中一致：

status實體類

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace SinaMiniBlogLib
{
    public class status
    {
        public status()
        {
            user = new user();    
        }

        #region 屬性

         private DateTime created_at;
        private string id;
        private string text;
        private string source;
        private bool favorited;
        private bool truncated;
        private string in_reply_to_status_id;
        private string in_reply_to_user_id;
        private string in_reply_to_screen_name;
        private string thumbnail_pic;
        private string bmiddle_pic; 
        private string original_pic;
        private user user;
        private status retweeted_status;

        #endregion

        #region 屬性封裝
        /// <summary>
        /// 創(chuàng)建時間
        /// </summary>
        public DateTime Created_at
        {
            get { return created_at; }
            set { created_at = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 微博ID
        /// </summary>
        public string Id
        {
            get { return id; }
            set { id = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 微博信息內(nèi)容
        /// </summary>
        public string Text
        {
            get { return text; }
            set { text = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 微博來源 
        /// </summary>
        public string Source
        {
            get { return source; }
            set { source = value; }
        }  

        /// <summary>
        /// 是否已收藏
        /// </summary>
        public bool Favorited
        {
            get { return favorited; }
            set { favorited = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 是否被截斷
        /// </summary>
        public bool Truncated
        {
            get { return truncated; }
            set { truncated = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 回復ID
        /// </summary>
        public string In_reply_to_status_id
        {
            get { return in_reply_to_status_id; }
            set { in_reply_to_status_id = value; }
        }
 
        /// <summary>
        /// 回復人UID
        /// </summary>
        public string In_reply_to_user_id
        {
            get { return in_reply_to_user_id; }
            set { in_reply_to_user_id = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 回復人昵稱
        /// </summary>
        public string In_reply_to_screen_name
        {
            get { return in_reply_to_screen_name; }
            set { in_reply_to_screen_name = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 縮略圖 
        /// </summary>
        public string Thumbnail_pic
        {
            get { return thumbnail_pic; }
            set { thumbnail_pic = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 中型圖片
        /// </summary>
        public string Bmiddle_pic
        {
            get { return bmiddle_pic; }
            set { bmiddle_pic = value; }
        }
 
        /// <summary>
        /// 原始圖片
        /// </summary>
        public string Original_pic
        {
            get { return original_pic; }
            set { original_pic = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 作者信息 
        /// </summary>
        public user User
        {
            get { return user; }
            set { user = value; }
        }
  
        /// <summary>
        /// 轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的博文，內(nèi)容為status，如果不是轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)，則沒有此字段
        /// </summary>
        public status Retweeted_status
        {
            get { return retweeted_status; }
            set { retweeted_status = value; }
        }
        #endregion
    }
}

user實體類

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace SinaMiniBlogLib
{
    public class user
    {
        #region 屬性
        private string id;
        private string screen_name;
        private string name; 
        private int province;
        private int city;
        private string location;
        private string description;
        private string url;
        private string profile_image_url;
        private string domain;
        private string gender;
        private int followers_count;
        private int friends_count;
        private int statuses_count;
        private int favourites_count;
        private DateTime created_at;
        private bool following;
        private bool verified;
        #endregion

        #region 屬性封裝

        /// <summary>
        /// 用戶UID
        /// </summary>
        public string Id
        {
            get { return id; }
            set { id = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 微博昵稱
        /// </summary>
        public string Screen_name
        {
            get { return screen_name; }
            set { screen_name = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 友好顯示名稱，如Bill Gates(此特性暫不支持) 
        /// </summary>
        public string Name
        {
            get { return name; }
            set { name = value; }
        }
        
        /// <summary>
        /// 省份編碼（參考省份編碼表） 
        /// </summary>
        public int Province
        {
            get { return province; }
            set { province = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 城市編碼（參考城市編碼表） 
        /// </summary>
        public int City
        {
            get { return city; }
            set { city = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 地址
        /// </summary>
        public string Location
        {
            get { return location; }
            set { location = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 個人描述
        /// </summary>
        public string Description
        {
            get { return description; }
            set { description = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 用戶博客地址
        /// </summary>
        public string Url
        {
            get { return url; }
            set { url = value; }
        }
  
        /// <summary>
        /// 自定義圖像
        /// </summary>
        public string Profile_image_url
        {
            get { return profile_image_url; }
            set { profile_image_url = value; }
        }
 
        /// <summary>
        /// 用戶個性化URL
        /// </summary>
        public string Domain
        {
            get { return domain; }
            set { domain = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 性別,m--男，f--女,n--未知
        /// </summary>
        public string Gender
        {
            get { return gender; }
            set { gender = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 粉絲數(shù)
        /// </summary>
        public int Followers_count
        {
            get { return followers_count; }
            set { followers_count = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 關(guān)注數(shù)
        /// </summary>
        public int Friends_count
        {
            get { return friends_count; }
            set { friends_count = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 微博數(shù)
        /// </summary>
        public int Statuses_count
        {
            get { return statuses_count; }
            set { statuses_count = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 收藏數(shù)
        /// </summary>
        public int Favourites_count
        {
            get { return favourites_count; }
            set { favourites_count = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 創(chuàng)建時間
        /// </summary>
        public DateTime Created_at
        {
            get { return created_at; }
            set { created_at = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 是否已關(guān)注(此特性暫不支持) 
        /// </summary>
        public bool Following
        {
            get { return following; }
            set { following = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 加V標示，是否微博認證用戶 
        /// </summary>
        public bool Verified
        {
            get { return verified; }
            set { verified = value; }
        }
        #endregion
    }
}

　　好了，經(jīng)過上面的步驟，準備工作已經(jīng)完畢，現(xiàn)在開始調(diào)用API，先看發(fā)布一條微博信息吧，雖然這篇文章（http://www.rzrgm.cn/cmt/archive/2010/05/13/1733904.html）中介紹了，但為了本文的完整我還是貼上我的代碼吧，在類庫中添加一個微博訪問類MiniBlogVisit類：

微博訪問類

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace SinaMiniBlogLib
{
    public class MiniBlogVisit
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 發(fā)布一條微博
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url">地址</param>
        /// <param name="Content">微博內(nèi)容</param>
        public void update(string url,string Content)
        {
            SendRequest send = new SendRequest();
            send.SendPostRequest(url, Content);
        }
    }
}

調(diào)用其中的update方法就可以發(fā)布一條微博了哦。不過要注意的是這里的Content要用HttpUtility.UrlEncode進行編碼，否則會出現(xiàn)亂碼哦。

　　再看獲取最新更新的20條公共微博消息，也就是官方API中的第一個接口，這里返回的是XML數(shù)據(jù)或JSON數(shù)據(jù)，大家可根據(jù)愛好自由選擇，我選擇的是返回XML數(shù)據(jù)。我的方法是把返回的XML數(shù)據(jù)寫入一個XML文件中，再對XML文件進行解析，代碼如下：

獲取數(shù)據(jù)代碼

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Xml;

namespace SinaMiniBlogLib
{
    public class GetNextLineData
    {
        #region public_timeline 獲取最新更新的20條公共微博消息
        /// <summary>
        /// 獲取最新更新的20條公共微博消息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url">地址</param>
        /// <param name="xmlpath">存放返回的微博信息的XML文件路徑</param>
        /// <returns>IList</returns>
        public IList<status> public_timeline(string url,string xmlpath)
        {
            SendRequest send = new SendRequest();

            //發(fā)送GET請求，得到XML格式的數(shù)據(jù)
            string Content=send.SendGetRequest(url);

            //如果XML文件不存在就創(chuàng)建
            if (!System.IO.File.Exists(xmlpath))
            {
                System.IO.FileStream f = System.IO.File.Create(xmlpath);
                f.Close();
            }
            //以覆蓋的形式把數(shù)據(jù)寫入XML文件
            System.IO.StreamWriter f2 = new System.IO.StreamWriter(xmlpath, false, System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("UTF-8"));
            f2.Write(Content);
            f2.Close();
            f2.Dispose();

            status temp;
            IList<status> statusList=new List<status>();

            //解析XML文件
            XmlDocument myXml = new XmlDocument();
            myXml.Load(xmlpath);
            XmlNode users = myXml.DocumentElement;
            foreach (XmlNode node in users.ChildNodes)
            {
                if (node.Name == "status")
                {
                    temp = new status();
                    foreach (XmlNode statusnode in node.ChildNodes)
                    {
                        switch (statusnode.Name)
                        {
                            case "created_at":
                                temp.Created_at =ConverDateTime(statusnode.InnerText);
                                break;
                            case "id":
                                temp.Id = statusnode.InnerText;
                                break;
                            case "text":
                                temp.Text = statusnode.InnerText;
                                break;
                            case "source":
                                temp.Source = statusnode.InnerXml;
                                break;
                            case "favorited":
                                temp.Favorited =bool.Parse(statusnode.InnerText);
                                break;
                            case "truncated":
                                temp.Truncated = bool.Parse(statusnode.InnerText);
                                break;
                            case "in_reply_to_status_id":
                                temp.In_reply_to_status_id = statusnode.InnerText;
                                break;
                            case "in_reply_to_user_id":
                                temp.In_reply_to_user_id = statusnode.InnerText;
                                break;
                            case "in_reply_to_screen_name":
                                temp.In_reply_to_screen_name = statusnode.InnerText;
                                break;
                            case "user":
                                XmlNode usernode = statusnode.ChildNodes[0];
                                switch (usernode.Name)
                                {
                                    case "id":
                                        temp.User.Id = usernode.InnerText;
                                        break;
                                    case "screen_name":
                                        temp.User.Screen_name = usernode.InnerText;
                                        break;
                                    case "name":
                                        temp.User.Name = usernode.InnerText;
                                        break;
                                    case "province":
                                        temp.User.Province =Int32.Parse(usernode.InnerText);
                                        break;
                                    case "city":
                                        temp.User.City =Int32.Parse(usernode.InnerText);
                                        break;
                                    case "location":
                                        temp.User.Location = usernode.InnerText;
                                        break;
                                    case "description":
                                        temp.User.Description = usernode.InnerText;
                                        break;
                                    case "url":
                                        temp.User.Url = usernode.InnerText;
                                        break;
                                    case "profile_image_url":
                                        temp.User.Profile_image_url = usernode.InnerText;
                                        break;
                                    case "domain":
                                        temp.User.Domain = usernode.InnerText;
                                        break;
                                    case "gender":
                                        temp.User.Gender = usernode.InnerText;
                                        break;
                                    case "followers_count":
                                        temp.User.Followers_count =Int32.Parse( usernode.InnerText);
                                        break;
                                    case "friends_count":
                                        temp.User.Friends_count = Int32.Parse(usernode.InnerText);
                                        break;
                                    case "statuses_count":
                                        temp.User.Statuses_count = Int32.Parse(usernode.InnerText);
                                        break;
                                    case "favourites_count":
                                        temp.User.Favourites_count = Int32.Parse(usernode.InnerText);
                                        break;
                                    case "created_at":
                                        temp.User.Created_at =ConverDateTime(usernode.InnerText);
                                        break;
                                    case "following":
                                        temp.User.Following = bool.Parse(usernode.InnerText);
                                        break;
                                    case "verified":
                                        temp.User.Verified = bool.Parse(usernode.InnerText);
                                        break;
                                }
                                break;
                        }
                    }
                    statusList.Add(temp);
                }
            }
            return statusList;
        }
        #endregion

        #region 日期轉(zhuǎn)換
        /// <summary>
        /// 日期轉(zhuǎn)換
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="time">新浪微博中返回的類似"Mon Oct 18 12:28:54 +0800 2010"這樣的時間</param>
        /// <returns>DateTime</returns>
        public DateTime ConverDateTime(string time)
        {
            string[] cx = time.Split(' ');
            System.Globalization.DateTimeFormatInfo g = new System.Globalization.DateTimeFormatInfo();
            g.LongDatePattern = "dd MMMM yyyy";
            DateTime DT = DateTime.Parse(string.Format("{0} {1} {2} {3}", cx[2], cx[1], cx[5], cx[3]), g);
            return DT;
        }
        #endregion
    }
}

　　好了，現(xiàn)在就是調(diào)用了，調(diào)用做的比較簡單，就是一個空的Default.aspx頁面，后臺代碼如下：

調(diào)用代碼

using System;
using System.Web;
using SinaMiniBlogLib;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page 
{
    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        try
        {
            //發(fā)布一條微博
            MiniBlogVisit mini = new MiniBlogVisit();
            //注意這里要用HttpUtility.UrlEncode進行編碼，否則會出現(xiàn)亂碼
            mini.update("http://api.t.sina.com.cn/statuses/update.xml", HttpUtility.UrlEncode("測試一下XML！"));

            //獲取最新更新的20條公共微博消息
            GetNextLineData linedata = new GetNextLineData();
            IList<status> statusList = linedata.public_timeline("http://api.t.sina.com.cn/statuses/public_timeline.xml", Server.MapPath("NextLine.xml"));

            //輸出
            foreach (status temp in statusList)
            {
                Response.Write(temp.Text+"<br/>"+temp.Created_at+"&nbsp;&nbsp;來自"+temp.Source+"<br/><br/>");
            }
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            ClientScript.RegisterStartupScript(this.GetType(), "sina", "<script type='text/javascript' language='javascript'>alert('出現(xiàn)異常，異常信息：" + ex.Message + "');</script>");
        }
    }
}

　　至此，全部代碼已經(jīng)寫完，再看看完整的解決方案吧：

　　運行后效果如下：

　　第一次調(diào)用API，也是第一次寫這么長的文章，歡迎大家多拍磚哈！！！