我的網站集成ElasticSearch初體驗
最近，我給我的網站(https://www.xiandanplay.com/)嘗試集成了一下es來實現我的一個搜索功能，因為這個是我第一次了解運用elastic，所以如果有不對的地方，大家可以指出來，話不多說，先看看我的一個大致流程
這里我采用的sdk的版本是Elastic.Clients.Elasticsearch, Version=8.0.0.0，官方的網址Installation | Elasticsearch .NET Client [8.0] | Elastic
我的es最開始打算和我的應用程序一起部署到ubuntu上面，結果最后安裝kibana的時候，各種問題，雖好無奈，只好和我的SqlServer一起安裝到windows上面，對于一個2G內容的服務器來說，屬實有點遭罪了。
1、配置es
在es里面，我開啟了密碼認證。下面是我的配置
"Search": { "IsEnable": "true", "Uri": "http://127.0.0.1:9200/", "User": "123", "Password": "123" }
然后新增一個程序集
然后再ElasticsearchClient里面去寫一個構造函數去配置es
using Core.Common;
using Core.CPlatform;
using Core.SearchEngine.Attr;
using Elastic.Clients.Elasticsearch;
using Elastic.Clients.Elasticsearch.IndexManagement;
using Elastic.Transport;
namespace Core.SearchEngine.Client
{
public class ElasticSearchClient : IElasticSearchClient
{
private ElasticsearchClient elasticsearchClient;
public ElasticSearchClient()
{
string uri = ConfigureProvider.configuration.GetSection("Search:Uri").Value;
string username = ConfigureProvider.configuration.GetSection("Search:User").Value;
string password = ConfigureProvider.configuration.GetSection("Search:Password").Value;
var settings = new ElasticsearchClientSettings(new Uri(uri))
.Authentication(new BasicAuthentication(username, password)).DisableDirectStreaming();
elasticsearchClient = new ElasticsearchClient(settings);
}
public ElasticsearchClient GetClient()
{
return elasticsearchClient;
}
}
}
然后，我們看skd的官網有這個這個提示
客戶端應用程序應創建一個 該實例，該實例在整個應用程序中用于整個應用程序 輩子。在內部，客戶端管理和維護與節點的 HTTP 連接， 重復使用它們以優化性能。如果您使用依賴項注入 容器中，客戶端實例應注冊到 單例生存期
所以我直接給它來一個AddSingleton
using Core.SearchEngine.Client; using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection; namespace Core.SearchEngine { public static class ConfigureSearchEngine { public static void AddSearchEngine(this IServiceCollection services) { services.AddSingleton<IElasticSearchClient, ElasticSearchClient>(); } } }
2、提交文章并且同步到es
然后就是同步文章到es了，我是先寫入數據庫，再同步到rabbitmq，通過事件總線（基于事件總線EventBus實現郵件推送功能）寫入到es
先定義一個es模型
using Core.SearchEngine.Attr; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using XianDan.Model.BizEnum; namespace XianDan.Domain.Article { [ElasticsearchIndex(IndexName ="t_article")]//自定義的特性，sdk并不包含這個特性 public class Article_ES { public long Id { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 作者 /// </summary> public string Author { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 標題 /// </summary> public string Title { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 標簽 /// </summary> public string Tag { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 簡介 /// </summary> public string Description { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 內容 /// </summary> public string ArticleContent { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 專欄 /// </summary> public long ArticleCategoryId { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 是否原創 /// </summary> public bool? IsOriginal { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 評論數 /// </summary> public int? CommentCount { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 點贊數 /// </summary> public int? PraiseCount { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 瀏覽次數 /// </summary> public int? BrowserCount { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 收藏數量 /// </summary> public int? CollectCount { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 創建時間 /// </summary> public DateTime CreateTime { get; set; } } }
然后創建索引
string index = esArticleClient.GetIndexName(typeof(Article_ES)); await esArticleClient.GetClient().Indices.CreateAsync<Article_ES>(index, s => s.Mappings( x => x.Properties( t => t.LongNumber(l => l.Id) .Text(l=>l.Title,z=>z.Analyzer(ik_max_word)) .Keyword(l=>l.Author) .Text(l=>l.Tag,z=>z.Analyzer(ik_max_word)) .Text(l=>l.Description,z=>z.Analyzer(ik_max_word)) .Text(l=>l.ArticleContent,z=>z.Analyzer(ik_max_word)) .LongNumber(l=>l.ArticleCategoryId) .Boolean(l=>l.IsOriginal) .IntegerNumber(l=>l.BrowserCount) .IntegerNumber(l=>l.PraiseCount) .IntegerNumber(l=>l.PraiseCount) .IntegerNumber(l=>l.CollectCount) .IntegerNumber(l=>l.CommentCount) .Date(l=>l.CreateTime) ) ) );
然后每次增刪改文章的時候寫入到mq，例如
private async Task SendToMq(Article article, Operation operation) { ArticleEventData articleEventData = new ArticleEventData(); articleEventData.Operation = operation; articleEventData.Article_ES = MapperUtil.Map<Article, Article_ES>(article); TaskRecord taskRecord = new TaskRecord(); taskRecord.Id = CreateEntityId(); taskRecord.TaskType = TaskRecordType.MQ; taskRecord.TaskName = "發送文章"; taskRecord.TaskStartTime = DateTime.Now; taskRecord.TaskStatu = (int)MqMessageStatu.New; articleEventData.Unique = taskRecord.Id.ToString(); taskRecord.TaskValue = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(articleEventData); await unitOfWork.GetRepository<TaskRecord>().InsertAsync(taskRecord); await unitOfWork.CommitAsync(); try { eventBus.Publish(GetMqExchangeName(), ExchangeType.Direct, BizKey.ArticleQueueName, articleEventData); } catch (Exception ex) { var taskRecordRepository = unitOfWork.GetRepository<TaskRecord>(); TaskRecord update = await taskRecordRepository.SelectByIdAsync(taskRecord.Id); update.TaskStatu = (int)MqMessageStatu.Fail; update.LastUpdateTime = DateTime.Now; update.TaskResult = "發送失敗"; update.AdditionalData = ex.Message; await taskRecordRepository.UpdateAsync(update); await unitOfWork.CommitAsync(); } }
mq訂閱之后寫入es，具體的增刪改的方法就不寫了吧
3、開始查詢es
等待寫入文章之后，開始查詢文章，這里sdk提供的查詢的方法比較復雜，全都是通過lmbda一個個鏈式去拼接的，但是我又沒有找到更好的方法，所以就先這樣吧
先創建一個集合存放查詢的表達式
List<Action<QueryDescriptor<Article_ES>>> querys = new List<Action<QueryDescriptor<Article_ES>>>();
然后定義一個幾個需要查詢的字段
我這里使用MultiMatch來實現多個字段匹配同一個查詢條件，并且指定使用ik_smart分詞
Field[] fields = { new Field("title"), new Field("tag"), new Field("articleContent"), new Field("description") }; querys.Add(s => s.MultiMatch(y => y.Fields(Fields.FromFields(fields)).Analyzer(ik_smart).Query(keyword).Type(TextQueryType.MostFields)));
定義查詢結果高亮，給查詢出來的匹配到的分詞的字段添加標簽，同時前端需要對這個樣式處理，
:deep(.search-words) em {
color: #ee0f29;
font-style: initial;
}
Dictionary<Field, HighlightField> highlightFields = new Dictionary<Field, HighlightField>(); highlightFields.Add(new Field("title"), new HighlightField() { PreTags = new List<string> { "<em>" }, PostTags = new List<string> { "</em>" }, }); highlightFields.Add(new Field("description"), new HighlightField() { PreTags = new List<string> { "<em>" }, PostTags = new List<string> { "</em>" }, }); Highlight highlight = new Highlight() { Fields = highlightFields };
為了提高查詢的效率，我只查部分的字段
SourceFilter sourceFilter = new SourceFilter(); sourceFilter.Includes = Fields.FromFields(new Field[] { "title", "id", "author", "description", "createTime", "browserCount", "commentCount" }); SourceConfig sourceConfig = new SourceConfig(sourceFilter); Action<SearchRequestDescriptor<Article_ES>> configureRequest = s => s.Index(index) .From((homeArticleCondition.CurrentPage - 1) * homeArticleCondition.PageSize) .Size(homeArticleCondition.PageSize) .Query(x => x.Bool(y => y.Must(querys.ToArray()))) .Source(sourceConfig) .Sort(y => y.Field(ht => ht.CreateTime, new FieldSort() { Order=SortOrder.Desc}))
獲取查詢的分詞結果
var analyzeIndexRequest = new AnalyzeIndexRequest { Text = new string[] { keyword }, Analyzer = analyzer }; var analyzeResponse = await elasticsearchClient.Indices.AnalyzeAsync(analyzeIndexRequest); if (analyzeResponse.Tokens == null) return new string[0]; return analyzeResponse.Tokens.Select(s => s.Token).ToArray();
到此，這個就是大致的查詢結果，完整的如下
public async Task<Core.SearchEngine.Response.SearchResponse<Article_ES>> SelectArticle(HomeArticleCondition homeArticleCondition) { string keyword = homeArticleCondition.Keyword.Trim(); bool isNumber = Regex.IsMatch(keyword, RegexPattern.IsNumberPattern); List<Action<QueryDescriptor<Article_ES>>> querys = new List<Action<QueryDescriptor<Article_ES>>>(); if (isNumber) { querys.Add(s => s.Bool(x => x.Should( should => should.Term(f => f.Field(z => z.Title).Value(keyword)) , should => should.Term(f => f.Field(z => z.Tag).Value(keyword)) , should => should.Term(f => f.Field(z => z.ArticleContent).Value(keyword)) ))); } else { Field[] fields = { new Field("title"), new Field("tag"), new Field("articleContent"), new Field("description") }; querys.Add(s => s.MultiMatch(y => y.Fields(Fields.FromFields(fields)).Analyzer(ik_smart).Query(keyword).Type(TextQueryType.MostFields))); } if (homeArticleCondition.ArticleCategoryId.HasValue) { querys.Add(s => s.Term(t => t.Field(f => f.ArticleCategoryId).Value(FieldValue.Long(homeArticleCondition.ArticleCategoryId.Value)))); } string index = esArticleClient.GetIndexName(typeof(Article_ES)); Dictionary<Field, HighlightField> highlightFields = new Dictionary<Field, HighlightField>(); highlightFields.Add(new Field("title"), new HighlightField() { PreTags = new List<string> { "<em>" }, PostTags = new List<string> { "</em>" }, }); highlightFields.Add(new Field("description"), new HighlightField() { PreTags = new List<string> { "<em>" }, PostTags = new List<string> { "</em>" }, }); Highlight highlight = new Highlight() { Fields = highlightFields }; SourceFilter sourceFilter = new SourceFilter(); sourceFilter.Includes = Fields.FromFields(new Field[] { "title", "id", "author", "description", "createTime", "browserCount", "commentCount" }); SourceConfig sourceConfig = new SourceConfig(sourceFilter); Action<SearchRequestDescriptor<Article_ES>> configureRequest = s => s.Index(index) .From((homeArticleCondition.CurrentPage - 1) * homeArticleCondition.PageSize) .Size(homeArticleCondition.PageSize) .Query(x => x.Bool(y => y.Must(querys.ToArray()))) .Source(sourceConfig) .Sort(y => y.Field(ht => ht.CreateTime, new FieldSort() { Order=SortOrder.Desc})).Highlight(highlight); var resp = await esArticleClient.GetClient().SearchAsync<Article_ES>(configureRequest); foreach (var item in resp.Hits) { if (item.Highlight == null) continue; foreach (var dict in item.Highlight) { switch (dict.Key) { case "title": item.Source.Title = string.Join("...", dict.Value); break; case "description": item.Source.Description = string.Join("...", dict.Value); break; } } } string[] analyzeWords = await esArticleClient.AnalyzeAsync(homeArticleCondition.Keyword); List<Article_ES> articles = resp.Documents.ToList(); return new Core.SearchEngine.Response.SearchResponse<Article_ES>(articles, analyzeWords); }
4、演示效果
搞完之后，發布部署，看看效果，分詞這里要想做的像百度那樣，估計目前來看非常有難度的
那么這里我也向大家求教一下，如何使用SearchRequest封裝多個查詢條件，如下
SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
searchRequest.From = 0;
searchRequest.Size = 10;
searchRequest.Query=多個查詢條件
因為我覺得這樣代碼讀起來比lambda可讀性高些，能更好的動態封裝。
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